TECHNOLOGY

History of Unix and Linux Operating Systems

History of Unix and Linux Operating Systems

History of Unix

Unix operating system was created in several stages. It all started in the 1965-69 years. It all started in the 1965-69 years in Bell Labs AT & T Group as part of MULTICS (Multi-user Timesharing Interactive Computing System) for large machines General Electric GE-645. Group AT & T in the framework of MULTICS (Multi-user Timesharing Interactive Computing System) for large machines General Electric GE-645. While AT & T could develop, but not to sell computer products, as a result of operating in the U.S. antitrust laws On Bell Labs in the project involved two staff members - Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie (Ceruzzi & Ceruzzi, 2003).

In 1969 Bell Labs decides to withdraw from the project MULTICS, to focus on creating a mobile operating environment under the conventional UNIX. UNIX was originally written in Assembler for the DEC PDP-7. Then to work on this project was brought Dennis Ritchie, who at that time already developed language B. In 1973 he proposed to write the bulk of UNIX on B. In the implementation of this idea, the language of B is so perfected, that changed to C. Thus, there was then an unprecedented quality - mobility. Unlike all previous OS is 100 percent written in assembly language for a particular machine, UNIX has only 10 percent (1,000 lines) of code in assembler. In order to run on any machine, the new OS needed to write a few pages of the assembler and compiler of C. Already in 1976 the first time, UNIX was moved to another machine - Interdata 8/32.

In 1971, the UNIX trademark was patented by Bell Labs for a series of machines DEC PDP -11/20, most extended in the universities. For several years, has undergone a UNIX has gone through in the Bell Labs several editions, the most popular were the 6th (1976) and seventh (1979). The growing popularity of UNIX made the University of California at Berkeley to offer its own version of UNIX - BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution), which is based on the request of DARPA ( The agency perspective projects the U.S. military), the company has implemented a system of BBN (Berkeley Software Distribution), which is based on the request of DARPA (Advanced Projects Agency of the US military), the company sold in the BBN BSD BSD 4.1 protocols TCP / IP. 4.1 Protocol TCP / IP. So there was the Internet.

Need to remember and developed at MIT System X-Window (1984). Based on TCP / IP, it provides a mobile graphical user interface, which included the concept of "client - server", the most revolutionary for its time. Today, UNIX, and X-Window is almost inseparable. At the same time attempts were being made for standardization. Famous American Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), established a working group in 1003, which developed the standard for a portable system (Portable Operating System). The name of this standard - POSIX, which primarily relates to the operating ...