Teaching and Learning

By

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

No words can express my appreciation and gratitude to my research advisor _______ through the course of this research, Professor _____has taught me numerous values that extend well beyond the realm of _________ (Your Subject Name). His emphasis on dedication to work and his valuable and practical insights of life are some of the major highlights of my education at The University _________. To Professor _____, I say with great respect, thank you very much.

It is a great honour for me to have Professor _______ on my dissertation committee. His insightful suggestions and comments are a major asset to this research. I learned so much from Professor ______, and I will always remember him as a truly superb teacher. To Professor _____, I am greatly indebted.

I would like to thank Professor ______ for his contribution to this research. Professor _____ has provided me with essential input and guidance as an outside member of my committee. His remarks and suggestions are greatly appreciated.

I would like to thank _____________ for the support they had provided me throughout the research project.

I would like to thank _____________ for their support and help in this research.

DECLARATION

I [type your full first names and surname here], declare that the contents of this dissertation/thesis represent my own unaided work, and that the dissertation/thesis has not previously been submitted for the academic examination towards any qualification. Furthermore, it represents my own opinions and not necessarily those of the University.

Signed __________________ Date _________________

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction .............................................................................................................1

Background of the Study..............................................................................1

Purpose of Study..........................................................................................1

Problem Statement.......................................................................................1

Rationale of the Study..................................................................................2

Aims and Objectives.....................................................................................2

Theoretical Framework................................................................................2

Research Questions......................................................................................3

Ethical concerns......................................................................................... .3

Outline of the Study......................................................................................4

Literature Review......................................................................................................5

Methodology .............................................................................................................6

References .................................................................................................................7

Appendices ................................................................................................................8

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

A pedagogy which is centered on students and explains that the students learn about anything in the light of multifaceted, complex and realistic issues and problems is known as Problem-based learning (PBL). It is most of the time confused with Project based learning; however, it is completely different from the problem-based learning. The purpose of this type of learning is to ensure a flexible learning attitude in students, skills to solve problems; self guided learning and motivation of self and others. It is also important to create and develop strategies that can be used to accomplish the learning needs and gain better results (Hmelo et.al, 2000, pp. 1-18).

Problem based learning was originated in the year 1960s in the medical program of a school. The curriculum of problem based learning was designed to encourage learning and provide support to the learners for better roles and creating a relevance of learning for future roles, maintaining a level of motivation for learning and highlight the importance of positive and professional attitudes (Barrows, 1996, pp. 3-13). Simultaneously, the problem based learning was taken up by other medical schools as well for the undergraduate instructions (Boud and Feletti, 1997; Duch et al., 2001; Amador et al., 2006) as well as high and elementary (Gasser, 2011).

The scope of problem based learning has expanded from medical and now covers ...