SYSTEMS MODEL

Systems Model



Systems Model

Introduction

Betty Neuman's system model provides a comprehensive flexible holistic and system based perspective for nursing.

It focuses attention on the response of the client system to actual or potential environmental stressors.

And the use of primary, secondary and tertiary nursing prevention intervention for retention, attainment, and maintenance of optimal client system wellness.

Development Of The Model

Neuman's model was influenced by a variety of sources.

The philosophy writers deChardin and cornu (on wholeness in system).

Von Bertalanfy, and Lazlo on general system theory.

Selye on stress theory.

Lararus on stress and coping.

Basic Assumptions

Each client system is unique, a composite of factors and characteristics within a given range of responses contained within a basic structure.

Many known, unknown, and universal stressors exist. Each differ in it's potential for disturbing a client's usual stability level or normal LOD

The particular inter-relationships of client variables at any point in time can affect the degree to which a client is protected by the flexible LOD against possible reaction to stressors.

Concepts

Content: - the variables of the person in interaction with the internal and external environment comprise the whole client system

Basic structure/Central core: - common client survival factors in unique individual characteristics representing basic system energy resources.

The basis structure, or central core, is made up of the basic survival factors that are common to the species (Neuman,2002).

These factors include:- - Normal temp. range, Genetic structure.- Response pattern. Organ strength or weakness, Ego structure

Stability, or homeostasis, occurs when the amount of energy that is available exceeds that being used by the system.

A homeostatic body system is constantly in a dynamic process of input, output, feedback, and compensation, which leads to a state of balance.

Degree to reaction: - the amount of system instability resulting from stressor invasion of the normal LOD.

Entropy: - a process of energy depletion and disorganization moving the system toward illness or ...