STREET CRIMES IN DUAL CITIES

Corporate and Street crimes in Dual Cities

Corporate and Street crimes in Dual Cities

Introduction

Dual cities are the areas with the are large number of population that are the central cities, together with their adjacent zones of influence, where influence may be measured by levels of commuting to the central city or by commercial ties and media penetration, thus typically encompassing rural areas and physically separate satellite towns that are economically integrated with the core city. Moreover, dual cities generally refer to cities which are surrounded by the urbanized area. The term originates in ancient Greece, where a city that had established colonies in other lands was known as a metropolis.

In the middle Ages, the dual cities were the seat of the archbishop, with jurisdiction over a specified patriarchal canonical territory. By the nineteenth century, the term dual city was commonly used in naming new municipal services such as the Metropolitan Police in London and civic institutions such as the Metropolitan Museum of Art, although the original meaning of the term of a city with colonial territories, has remained in use in France. In the last century, metropolitan was used to signify the growing urban populations in cities around the world, while the shortened metro- came to signify modern as well as cosmopolitan features of urban life.

The notion of dual city refers to a collection of territories considered interdependent, some located in the central areas and others on the urban fringe. It is also identified with a plan to constitute a coherent territorial structure operating across several spatial scales. Yet, dual city coherence is contradicted by the emergence of peripheral spaces, including edge and edgeless cities, which deny the predominant role of the centre. (Young, 2004, pp. 101-105)

Discussion

Within the discipline of criminology in the dual cities like New York or London, white-collar crime is one of the more challenging forms of law violations. Edwin Sutherland, the sociologist who coined the term in a 1939 presidential address to the American Sociological Society (ASS), defined white-collar crime as “a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation.” In his influential 1949 text, White Collar Crime, Sutherland specifies that crimes committed by business managers and executives are the primary subjects of this field of study. Likewise, the sociologist, E. A. Ross, who reportedly had the greatest direct influence on Sutherland, popularized the typology of the “criminality”: the exploitive businessman whose pursuit of profit maximization lay hidden beneath his respectable status and pious demeanour.

Corporate Crime

White-collar offences may include a violation of criminal, civil, or administrative law or may border the edges of legality—as in the case of unethical or immoral occupational conduct—often labelled white-collar deviance. The latter term recognizes that a white-collar offence need not be criminally codified or sanctioned to cause significant physical, financial, or moral harm. The tobacco industry, for example, manufactures a legal product responsible for contributing to more than 400,000 Britain' deaths ...