Social and Psychological Principles to the Practical Management of a Modern Criminal Justice System

Social and Psychological Principles to the Practical Management of a Modern Criminal Justice System

Introduction

The criminal justice principles are derived from the entire legal system of the United State which is inferred from social reality and are adhered in criminal justice system. Such principles are invoked and applied in the prevention, control and suppression of crimes and misdemeanors, the purpose of social control of crime and criminal, as the object of making criminal justice and give each according to his wrongdoing and antisocial ", within democratic fair punishment proportional to the crime (Robert, 2007). Contemporary criminal law does not rests on the set of positive legal norms and its prescriptive character, but it rests on ordering or prohibiting certain human behaviors that are urging an individual to a penalty or security measures. Also part of the repressive law principles. Philosophical and sociological, operators should be aware that legal and judicial has to be implemented jointly in social and psychological practice for the prevention, suppression and punishment of crimes and misdemeanors, as part of the criminal justice policies and system of social control and criminal, and in order to neutralize common crime and organized crime, which affects social peace, tranquility, public safety and legal security of the people (Matthew, 2010).

Discussion

Social Psychology of Crime

Over the past few decades, a term has been formed, which is called Psychology of crime, which has brought together scientific knowledge about the phenomenon of crime. Its main areas of interest are the explanation of antisocial behavior, where relevant learning theories, the analysis of the characteristics and individual traits, the stress-aggression hypothesis, social studies and crime linkage, are associated with each other and criminal careers.

Psychological treatments of criminals aims to modify those risk factors, referred to as 'criminogenic need', which are considered directly related to criminal activity. Specifically targeting offenders provide (whether young offenders, sex offenders, etc.) With new repertoires of pro-social behavior and develop their thinking, regulate their angry emotions, and prevent relapse or recurrence in the crime. Currently, the Psychology of crime puts special emphasis on the prediction and management of risk of violent behavior and antisocial field (David & Marion, n.d.).

Crime is learned

Psychological explanations of crime that have received empirical support from research materialize into five essential propositions, currently considered to be complementary. The social learning theory is currently considered the most complete explanation of criminal behavior. The most popular model in psychology is to Bandura (1987), which enhances the role of imitation and behavioral expectations, and difference between the times of acquisition and subsequent behavior execution and maintenance (David & Marion, n.d.). However, the dominant model in the explanation of crime is social learning version made by Akers (2006; Akers and Sellers, 2004), which considers the learning of criminal behavior involving four interrelated mechanisms:

Differential association with people, who show criminal habits and attitudes

The acquisition by the individual of favorable definitions to crime

Differential reinforcement of their criminal behavior

The imitation of pro-criminal ...