I would take this opportunity to thank my research supervisor, family and friends for their support and guidance without which this research would not have been possible.
DECLARATION
I, [type your full first names and surname here], declare that the contents of this dissertation/thesis represent my own unaided work, and that the dissertation/thesis has not previously been submitted for academic examination towards any qualification. Furthermore, it represents my own opinions and not necessarily those of the University.
Signed __________________ Date _________________
Abstract
Based on the analyses of the situation and distribution of casing damage in the Tarim Oilfield, it was considered that there are six major factors causing the casing damage: (1) There are flowing rock or highly permeable formation around the casing; (2) The well bore structure is unreasonable; (3) The up hole elevation of cement in the drilling design is not high enough, or the cementing quality does not conform to the rules; (4) The quality of casing grading hoop is not up to the required standard; (5) Collapse resistance decreased due to the corrosion, wear, and special down hole operation; (6) The unreasonable development factors. According to the present situation of the casing damage, the comprehensive countermeasures of “defense”, “diagnosis”, “treatment” for repairing the casing-damaged wells were developed.
This dissertation implies salt cementing and the aim of the work is to look into areas affected when cementing across salt formation. Specifically this paper explores casing collapse that includes corrosion of the steel and salt creeping. Additionally, this dissertation provides the explanation of different types of slurries and its functions. Chapter 3 provides a detailed outline of the research design of the study. This chapter also expands on the elements of the research design, in particular, the research approach of the study. This dissertation aims at delivering content in relation to different geological zones and analyze the types of cement used and how cementing across salt formation is done. The results show the comparison between these specific geographical locations.
Table of Contents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTII
DECLARATIONIII
ABSTRACTIV
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION1
Background of the study1
Problem Statement1
Purpose of the study2
Significance of the Study2
Rationale/ Nature of the study3
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW4
Salts & Function Of The Salt4
Oilwell Cementing In The Oil Industry5
Salt Caverns And Salt Formation9
The Rheology10
Geographical Locations Affect The Type Of Slurries For Cementing Across Salt Formation12
Cement Slurry Are More Situable For Such Salts16
Fibrous Slurries16
Abrasive Slurries16
Thermally Sensitive Fluids17
Dissolved Solids17
Best Slurry type17
Types Of Cement Slurries That Are Used Across Salt Formations18
Casing collapse20
Corrosion Of The Steel21
Salt Creeping23
Salt in Cement24
Comparison of geographical location25
Offshore Brazil26
Gulf of Mexico29
Canada38
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY40
Overview of Qualitative and Quantitative Research Approaches40
Research Method41
Validity42
Reliability43
Ethical concern44
CHAPTER 4: DISCUSSION45
Suggestions46
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION49
END NOTES54
Chapter 1: Introduction
Background of the study
Oil well cementing is the process of placing a cement slurry in the annulus space between the well casing and the geological formations surrounding to the well bore. When a certain section of the depth of an oil or gas well has been drilled successfully, the drilling fluid cannot permanently prevent the well bore from collapsing. Therefore, oil well cementing was introduced in the late 1920s with a number of objectives: (i) ...