Russian Counter Intelligence



Russian Counterintelligence

Introduction

In science - actual turnover, the term "counterintelligence" is a relatively new phenomenon. In Western Europe, this term appeared in the second half of the XIX century, but, in Russia, it was used almost simultaneously with the creation in 1911 of the counter - counter-espionage branch of the military districts. Intelligence and counterintelligence in Russia is regarded as a Russian statehood since many years. Mikhail Kutuzov was known as a heroic defender of Russian Intelligence Agency. However, the real, authorized intelligence agencies in Russia were not until over Europe during the 1930s. They did not start thickening clouds of Second World War. At the beginning, of the century in Russia and the world community as a whole , they could not go unnoticed that Germany has become too obvious to build the muscles of the Krupp munitions factories and other enterprises in the Ruhr. This is being fully supported, by countries known as Austria and Hungary. They stepped up intelligence activities in these countries to help Russia. On 20th Janaury, 1903, Minister of War for Russia Adjutant-General Aleksei Nikolaevich Kuropatkin sent in the name of Nicholas II report, which justified the need for a special body to deal with foreign espionage - the exploration department of the General Staff.  Later in the year, in Russia, they created the first significant body counter.

Main Body

The first chief who was appointed was known as captain Vladimir Lavrov, who had a command of a senior supervisory agent, 6 agents, surveillance and agen messenger. By the end of 1903, the office has 13 secret agents, of which 9 people were agents of domestic surveillance, 2 worked on the installation made under the supervision of persons who have served two postmen. In the summer of 1911, they already created a system of counter-intelligence agencies of Russia. If the 1903 survey, department of the General Staff was tiny and extremely body counter, then by 1911 it had been quite strong bodies to conduct a vigorous struggle against foreign espionage. Then there were the first clearly formulated tasks of the Russian counterintelligence service. In this position, it was written that counterintelligence department established to deal with military espionage in general and for the measures of foreign countries that may harm the interests of the defense of the Empire.

The first organ of state security since October 1917 was the Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution, Sabotage and speculation in the everyday life - Cheka, headed by Felix Dzerzhinsky. Subsequently, she continually transformed and changed its name from the Cheka to the FSB. The first time it was engaged in precisely the ICH cases, were designated in its title was required to clean up the cities, began to stop looting and robbery, to take custody of all that could be destroyed and plundered. It was done in order to cope up with the sabotage of the old bureaucrats who refused to acknowledge the new Commissioners. In a short time, operations were carried out to eliminate such organizations as the "Union of real help," "Military League", "Joint Officer's organization," "White Cross", "Order romanovtsev", "Sokolnicheskaya ...