RUNNING HEAD CAUSE AFFECT OF A DRUG ALCOHOL TOXICITY

Cause Affect of Drug Alcohol Toxicity on the Structure and Function of the Liver

Cause Affect of Drug Alcohol Toxicity on the Structure and Function of the Liver

1a. Describe the cause and effects of either drug or alcohol toxicity on the structure and function of the liver.

In chemistry, an alcohol is any organic aggregate in which a hydroxyl functional assembly (-OH) is compelled to a carbon atom, generally attached to other carbon or hydrogen atoms.

 

Alcohol Toxicity

Ethanol in alcoholic beverages has been consumed by humans since prehistoric times for a kind of hygienic, dietary, medicinal, devout, and recreational reasons. The utilisation of large doses of ethanol causes drunkenness (intoxication), which may lead to a hangover as its effects wear off. Depending upon the dose and the regularity of its utilisation, ethanol can cause acute respiratory malfunction or death (Brent, 2009, pp. 2216). Because ethanol weakens judgment in humans, it can be a catalyst for reckless or irresponsible behaviour. The LD50 of ethanol in rats is 10.3 g/kg.

Other alcohols are substantially more venomous than ethanol, partially because they take much longer to be metabolized and partially because their metabolism makes compounds that are even more toxic. Methanol (wood alcohol), for example, is oxidized to formaldehyde and then to the venomous formic unpleasant in the liver by alcohol dehydrogenise and formaldehyde dehydrogenise enzymes respectively; accumulation of formic unpleasant can lead to blindness or death. Similarly poisoning due to other alcohols for example ethylene glycol or diethyl glycol is due to their metabolites which are furthermore made by alcohol dehydrogenise. A productive remedy to avert toxicity after methanol or ethylene glycol ingestion is to administer ethanol. Alcohol dehydrogenise has a higher affinity for ethanol, therefore stopping methanol from binding and portraying as a substrate. Any residual methanol will then have time to be excreted through the kidneys.  (Gable, 2004, pp. 686)

Methanol itself, while venomous, has a much lower sedative result than ethanol. Some longer-chain alcohols for example n-propane, isopropanol, n-butanol, t-butanol and 2-methyl-2-butanol manage although more powerful sedative effects have, but furthermore have higher toxicity than ethanol. This longer string of connections alcohols are discovered as contaminants in some alcoholic beverages and are renowned as fusel alcohols, and are reputed to cause critical hangovers whereas it is unclear if the fusel alcohols are really responsible. Much longer string of connections alcohols are utilised in commerce as solvents and are rarely misused by alcoholics, premier to a variety of harmful wellbeing effects. (Lodgsdon, 1994, pp. 820)

 

Effects of Alcohol Toxicity

The Short-term effects of alcohol on the human body can take numerous forms. The drug alcohol, expressly ethanol, is a cantered tense scheme depressant with a variety of edge effects. The allowance and attenuating components of utilisation play a large part in working out the span of intoxication; for demonstration, spending alcohol after a hefty serving of food causes alcohol to soak up more slowly. The engrossment of alcohol in body-fluid is generally assessed in periods of the ...