RACIAL AND ETHNIC CONFLICT

How The State And Local Officials Including The Private Sector Can Work Together To Prevent Racial And Ethnic Conflict, Violence And Civil Disorders

When considering racial and ethnic relations and the situation of ethnic groups deserve special attention the United States because, first of all, the country represents a variety of different peoples, races, cultures, traditions and customs. We are talking about the experience of state regulation of international relations, the legal provision of the extension of civil rights for all state residents regardless of their ethnicity and religious affiliation. United States - one of the most ethnically homogeneous national community, which was established, although far from ideal, but still relatively stable and democratic political system in a multi-ethnic context. First of all, this is a country with a unique structure of the population. It contains: autochthonous component, Indian tribes, Aleuts, and Hawaiians, the basic "core", conditional unites people from the UK and immigrants from Western and Northern Europe, and the "new immigration" - mainly descendants of immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe, and also a large number of African Americans. In this case, an important feature of American law on civil rights is that ensuring all citizens equal rights to America, it does not fixes them any special rights as members of a group of people. Moreover, the legislative strengthening of group rights is considered an American constitutional law as a violation of anti-discrimination laws (Donald, 1985).

The most important element of American ethnic model was legal and administrative mechanism of regulation in the field of racial and ethnic relations, which literally born in the flames of social struggles, under the pressure of mass movements and requirements. Thus, the 14 the Amendment to the Constitution is widely used to protect the rights of minorities, and the most important result of this amendment became Civil Rights Act of 1964 for their civil rights and anti-discrimination guarantees of the representatives of racial and ethnic groups were conquered in a mass of organized fighting. Depth caused by this struggle of socio-political crisis has contributed to a broad public awareness of the need to create effective public-legal mechanism for ensuring the rights of racial and ethnic groups, whose main objective was to prevent further aggravation of an explosive racial and ethnic problems and conflicts (Anthony, 2001).

In our country over the past many years, the so-called "national" or "racial and ethnic" issues "discussed the most active way, in different forms and at different levels. These "problems" devoted a lot of official, academic, mass media and other texts. Formed community of experts and managers, and arose, as it can be assumed, more or less coherent discursive field. Personal observations show that recorded under "ethnic problems" often and mainly described and interpreted in terms of and / or the context of ethnic or "ethnic" conflict. Along with this term or is used instead as a very close within the meaning of the phrase "inter-ethnic or inter-ethnic relations" and its derivatives terms ("inter-ethnic relations, inter-ethnic tensions, ...