PUBLISHING IN A DIGITAL AGE

Publishing in a digital age



Abstract

[Student will do it]

Table of Contents

Abstract2

Chapter 1: Introduction4

Chapter 2: Literature Review5

Chapter 3: Methodology[Content Analysis]6

Introduction6

Research Methods7

Specific Procedures12

Resource Requirements12

Subjects12

Formats for Result Presentation16

Issues of Reliability & Validity17

Summary20

Chapter 4: Results22

Introduction22

Data Analysis22

Data Collection25

Findings25

Chapter 5: Conclusions, Implications, Recommendations and Summary44

Conclusion57

References60

Appendix62

Chapter 1: Introduction

[Student will do it]

Chapter 2: Literature Review

[Student has already done it]

Chapter 3: Methodology[Content Analysis]

Introduction

The study was based on content analysis. Content analysis is a research tool used to determine the presence of certain words or concepts within texts or sets of texts. Researchers quantify and analyze the presence, meanings and relationships of such words and concepts, then make inferences about the messages within the texts, the writer(s), the audience, and even the culture and time of which these are a part. Texts can be defined broadly as books, book chapters, essays, interviews, discussions, newspaper headlines and articles, historical documents, speeches, conversations, advertising, theater, informal conversation, or really any occurrence of communicative language. Texts in a single study may also represent a variety of different types of occurrences, such as Palmquist's 1990 study of two composition classes, in which he analyzed student and teacher interviews, writing journals, classroom discussions and lectures, and out-of-class interaction sheets. To conduct a content analysis on any such text, the text is coded, or broken down, into manageable categories on a variety of levels--word, word sense, phrase, sentence, or theme--and then examined using one of content analysis' basic methods: conceptual analysis or relational analysis.

Research Methods

The research study was based on content analysis technique. Mixed methodology is used for the present study. This research approached data gathering using the multi-method strategy, or the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. Basically, the quantitative approach pursues facts and is employed when researchers desire to acquire statistical truth. According to Gall, Gall and Borg (2003), quantitative research assumes that the social environment has objective reality that is relatively constant across time and settings, while qualitative research assumes that individuals construct reality in the form of meanings and interpretations, and that these constructions tend to be transitory and situational.

The dominant methodology in the quantitative approach is to describe and explain features of the objective reality by collecting numerical data on observable behaviors of samples and by subjecting these data to statistical analysis. According to Smith (1983), “neutral, scientific language” (p. 9) must be used in quantitative research in pursuing exact facts. This means that the research itself must be expressed by universally acceptable digits. In this approach, in order to make generalizability, objectivity of the research is emphasized by using neutral scientific language. On the other hand, the qualitative approach aims to discover meanings and interpretations by studying cases intensively in natural settings and by subjecting the resulting data to analytic induction (Gall, Gall, and Borg, 2003).

In Creswell's (2001) explanation, quantitative studies are based on postpositivist claims for developing knowledge, use experiments and surveys, and collect data on predetermined instruments that yield statistical data. On the other hand, qualitative studies use constructivist perspectives or ...