PUBLIC HEALTH

Public Health

Public Health

Introduction

One of the major national public issues is suicide, and according to research mental illness and substance use is the significant risk factor of the suicide death causes. 90 percent of the mental ill individuals are addict of some illicit drug substances. Several decades of evidence consistently suggests that as many as 90 percent of individuals who do complete suicide experience a mental or substance use disorder, or both. There was an experience of mood disorder with presence of depression, from which around 25 percent of the cases are of alcohol disorder persons.

A large number of studies as well as expert reviews of the literature in the past two decades have consistently concluded that participation in substance abuse treatment increases the likelihood of short-term abstinence. Particularly, more intense initial treatment, higher cumulative treatment dosage, and early re-intervention have been associated with sustained abstinence over multiple years. A smaller body of evidence also indicates that those who enter treatment sooner and stay in longer are less at risk for mortality. In addition, the US Preventive Services Task Force, which is charged with evaluating the benefits of strategies that address the leading causes of mortality, found ''good evidence'' that drug use is related to mortality and that various treatments designed to reduce illicit drug use in the short term are effective. Nevertheless, it concluded that insufficient evidence exists to link treatment to longer term improvements in morbidity (prevalence and duration of abstinence) and, consequently, reduced mortality. Meticulous assessment of the relationship among illicit drug use, behavior, and long term product, including humanity, entail consideration of the variables that affect these relationships not only in the short term but also in the long term. Variable group for consistent individual's characteristics upon entering treatment: age, gender, living arrangements, employment, criminal justice history, substance use history, and preexisting health conditions. Smoking drug addicted substances is one of the causes which are directly linked to over 400,000 deaths in the U.S. each year with the presence of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Yet cigarettes itself are only the delivery system for the drug nicotine much as the hypodermic needle and glass bottle provide the heroin addict or alcoholic with their respective drugs.

Contribution towards Chronic Health Problem

All surveys and reports of homesickness include persons with co-occurring alcohol, drug abuse, and mental health condition (ADM) disorders. Although rates may vary in different studies, the prevalence of current and lifetime ADM disorders is uniformly high: in 2002, the United States Conference of Mayors estimated that approximately 32 percent of the homeless in 25 major cities across the United States had serious substance abuse/alcohol problems and 23% were considered to be mentally ill. Zerger reported that between 10% and 2O% of the home- less with substance abuse problems are dually diagnosed with a mental health condition. Koegel reported that in Los Angeles, California, in a sample of 1,563 homeless person 66 percent were diagnosed with substance abuse disorder and 22% were diagnosed with chronic mental illness (Paulozzi, ...