Psychological Theories



Psychological Theories

Introduction

Psychology is an applied and academic discipline that involves the scientific learning of the mental behaviour and processes. Psychology also refers to the appliance of such learning to different aspects of the mankind activity, which includes the relation of individual with its daily life and the treatment of mental health. The mental health of mankind is an emergent industry of kinds.

The human being mind has indisputably suffered from a variety of mental shortcomings since the first light of development. In recent years, the professional mental health concern is deep-rooted in the human culture that it is at same level with the care of human body. In the current the human race, people manifestly converse about their depressed reflections that reflect the imbalance in their neurochemistry.

Human beings comprehend it or not but they all articulate with in the gallows of mental health i.e. stress, anxiety, depression, personality and mood, and have become common in their discussion. For this treatment various psychological theories are developed that are used to predict and explain the broad range of human behaviours. Such theories also include the behavioural and cognitive theories which are commonly used by the therapists to treat their patients.

Behavioural theory is an idea based theory which believes that all the behaviours are based on the conditioning. On the other hand, cognitive theories are focused on the internal states and factors like thinking and motivation. Certain differences and similarities are found in both the theories which are thoroughly discussed in this paper.

Discussion

Behavioural Theories

Behavioural psychology is known as “Behaviourism”. Behavioural theory is an assumption that is based on the design that all the behaviours are attained through conditioning. Behavioural theories are subjugated psychology during the first half of the twentieth century and were promoted by well known psychologist like B.F. Skinner.

In the present world, the behavioural theories are still extensively practiced in the therapeutic settings to assist and aid the clients so that they can learn new behaviours and skills. The term “Behaviourism” or behavioural theory is the school of psychology that was founded by John B. Watson. The theory is based on the belief that the human behaviours can be trained, measured, changed and are acquired by conditioning.

Conditioning or habituation happens through the dealings with the surroundings and environment. According to the behaviourists the human responses to the surroundings and environments motivates their behaviour and considerations. According to the behaviourist theories, behaviour can be premeditated in an apparent and methodical method with no deliberation of the internal states of mind.

The behavioural theories propose that only discernible behaviours should be learned because the states in the interior like emotions, moods and cognitions are more subjective. The behavioural theories include two types of conditioning i.e. classical conditioning and operant conditioning.

Classical Conditioning

It is a method and technique that is used is the behavioural training in which a naturally happening spur is paired with a reaction. Next step is to link a previous neutral stimulus with the naturally happening stimulus. Ultimately, the previous neutral stimulus will ...