Protein Kinase A Activity and Anchoring are Required for Ovarian Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion

Abstract

This papers is based on Signal Transduction which can be achieved only if these areas are physically separated. In many signal transduction processes are involved increasingly in the event a growing number of enzymes and substances from the stimulus onset, which starts from the accession of a ligand to the membrane receptor to activate the receptor, which becomes the stimulus response, which, within the cell, causing a chain of steps (or path signaling cascade of second messenger) that result in amplification of the signal, i.e. that a small stimulus causes a cellular response

Protein Kinase A Activity and Anchoring are Required for Ovarian Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion

INTRODUCTION

For life to exist it is necessary that the internal conditions are different from the medium. This can be achieved only if these areas are physically separated. However, living things need to adapt to their environment, so it is essential that somehow "know" what happens on the outside. In simple organisms such knowledge is relatively simple. The signals of the external conditions are usually the same substrates that have to purchase from abroad. This means that these substances must have some mechanism to enter the cell, hence, trigger the biochemical processes involved. Obviously, this is not the case of more complex organisms (multicellular). In multicellular organisms have developed systems for intracellular communication. There are cells that produce hydrophilic substances cannot cross other membranes, and constitute a signal from the external environment. Thus, the B cells of the islets of the pancreas Langerhams can send a signal to the body about the availability of glucose. If there is enough glucose (postprandial), then interest to be saved or used before kidney excretion. But if the body is fasting or starvation early, you can maintain a stable glucose for tissues that depend on it, knowing that everyone else will try to keep it. As can be seen, a mechanism is needed to cause this signal the necessary response hydrophilic in the cell. This response has to include the activation and inhibition of metabolic pathways, both energy metabolism involved in the regulation of gene expression (Narlikar et al., 2002).

The process of signal transduction involves a sequence of biochemical reactions within the cell that is performed by enzymes linked to other substances called the second messenger . Each process is performed in very small time intervals, as milliseconds or longer periods as a few seconds (Agalioti et al., 2000).

In bacteria and other unicellular organisms, the signal transduction processes allow cells to respond to environmental influences around them. The cells that form multicellular organisms respond to a large amount of chemical stimuli. Some, such as neurotransmitters, the hormones and growth factors are produced by the body's own cells and reach target cells through the internal environment. Others, while also reach the cells through the internal environment from the exterior such as oxygen, a large number of nutrients, and gustatory olfactory stimuli that generate specific responses in ...