Problems faced by the Speakers of Urdu in learning Spatial Prepositions; A comparison of L1 and L2 Acquisition of English Spatial Prepositions

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY1

Research Background1

Research Method1

Data Collection2

Rationale for the Research Method2

Validity3

Reliability3

Ethical Considerations4

Timescale for the study5

REFERENCES6

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Background

Spatial reasoning is in humans is a central task, explaining the capability to communicate about space and objects. One of the ways in which we can communicate spatial information is by using the prepositions for describing relations between different global entities. The use of words and prepositions involve minimum two objects: a located object and a reference object along with the prepositions which describe the relationship between both the objects. Spatial prepositions are words that are used for describing the positioning of the object with relation to some other object. It becomes difficult for Urdu language speakers to learn spatial prepositions and place them correctly. Learning spatial prepositions for Urdu speakers is one of the most significant issues related to the cognition.

Research Method

The data will be collected through quantitative research methodology. In this research, the researcher would gather primary data by the help of questionnaire which will be suitably filled in by the sample of consumers that will be chosen at random, who will be concisely informed regarding the research that is being conducted by the researcher before they will be given the questionnaire to fill.

The questionnaire was primarily targeted for the company managers and other staff of the company, who can furnish the most elaborated and accurate information regarding the company and can lead to the return of their strategy of price from their customers (Neuman, 2005, 51). The collected data was entered on paper from the information that was given by the consumers, which was exclusively for the purpose of the research only. Agreements from the respondents were obtained before we had utilized the provided data for research. I had targeted 35 people from USA to fill out the questionnaire surveys. As this research was based on consumer's survey, therefore, limited numbers of samples will be covered.

Data Collection

I am planning to give pictorial situation to 20 Native Urdu speakers in Islamabad Pakistan with questions asking them to describe the situations in Urdu. I will exploit the picture for getting them to make use of the target spatial prepositions (in, on, at, up, above, over, down, below, beneath, under, and underneath). For each preposition, at least five pictorial situations are needed. Then from that data, I will make elicit the difficulties and problems faced by them in learning English spatial prepositions.

Rationale for the Research Method

When the researcher had started the research, he had considered both qualitative and quantitative frameworks of philosophy were conceived when entering into this research project. Employing a quantitative design of research will enable a researcher to test the hypothesis through different empirical tools by utilizing different statistical tools and will furnish results that are based on certainty which was calculated mathematically. Researchers have discovered in different publications primarily research was quantitative in ...