Pressure Groups Their Effects



Pressure Groups Their Effects

Democracy can be defined as the political orientation of those who favour government by the people, or by their elected representatives (Whawell, 1998 p. 178). Democracy derives from the Greek word 'demos' meaning people, in essence a democratic society is a fair society. A Pressure group or interest groups fundamental aim is to influence decision makers in the Government domain, which can be formulated by central government, local government, the European Union, and in some cases by quasi government (Grant, 1995 p. 3).

Pressure groups do not attempt to gain political power, which differs from a political party, in respect that pressure groups inform, influence, and exert pressure on those creating public policy. Coxall (2001 p. 3) has suggested the following definition of a pressure group: 'A pressure group is any organisation that aims to influence public policy, by seeking to persuade decision makers, by lobbying rather than by standing for election and holding office'. In essence, pressure groups do not wish to become actively involved with the government; they tend to concentrate on one particular aspect, as apposed to the government who are involved with many strategies. The fundamental purposes of pressure groups are to influence decisions making on exigent issues. For the purpose of this assignment, the author will discuss further, whether the issues of pressure group politics damage or enhance democracy.

1. National Union of Students (NUS)

Pressure groups are “private, voluntary organisations which wish to influence or control particular public policies without actually becoming the government or controlling all public policy.” (Budge et al 1998: 287) furthermore interest groups are “Pressure groups which represent the interests of particular economic or occupational groups, especially business organisations, professional associations, and trade unions.” (Budge et al 1998: 291). This clearly is the case with the NUS, it is a voluntary membership organisation and represents approximately three million students nationwide.

The NUS is not a political party in itself though; “parties fight elections, most pressure groups do not. The NUS is a pressure group but it does not run candidates for political office” (Budge et al 1998: 287 + 289) The NUS can draw political strength from the fact that it has large membership density, “currently 98% of students union's affiliate to the NUS” (www.nus.org.uk) this means that it has almost every students union behind it when it comes to representation at national marches and rallies. This makes it a very strong voice for students across the country and can guarantee continuity throughout its ranks. The NUS is represented within its affiliated colleges and universities by local student representative organisations. Currently the NUS has nearly seven hundred and fifty constituent members (virtually every university in the country) (www.nus.org.uk)

“Every constituent member of the NUS pays an annual subscription fee. This is calculated by a number of means, depending on the number of students who are members of the union and the amount of money the union receives from their college or ...