Traditionally, field-workers have to take a laptop computer with preloaded data when going into the field. There is no direct connection with office data systems, and field-workers have no way to know whether the data have been updated since they were last downloaded into the laptop. Lack of contact with the office also means that field data updated by the field-workers cannot be made immediately available in the office database. This time delay is not acceptable for time-critical applications such as utility repairs, facility security, and emergency responses. Furthermore, managing and maintaining the synchronization of data and software between the field computer and office computers can be costly and complex.
With mobile GIS, coupled with GPS (global positioning systems), there is a direct connection between the field-worker's mobile devices and the database in the server. Any update in the office database will be instantly transmitted to the field-workers, and vice versa. Field-based GIS have been adopted in many application areas, such as facility management, land use management, and emergency and rescue responses.
Task 1: Mobile Phone Applications: Their Advantages and Disadvantages
Mobile web application development is appealing for a number of reasons. Firstly, it allows developers to escape the fragmentation is currently present in the mobile devices market. This fragmentation means that users of mobile devices are scattered across several different operating systems, making it difficult for applications to reach a sizable audience. In this situation, if developers want to reach a widespread audience, they will have to write their application for each mobile platform which is prohibitively costly in both time and resources. Writing a web application eliminates this problem allowing any device with a suitable browser to access the application. Web app development also reduces the cost to the developer in several other ways (Thayer & Richard, 2000: 37). Developers will not have to get their application approved by the platform owner which saves time. By bypassing the device's application store they will not have to pay a percentage of their revenue to the store owner.
While developing mobile web applications has a number of advantages over developing native mobile applications, it is also inferior in several crucial ways. On a technical level, mobile web applications are far less functional than native apps. This means that developers of highly technical applications do not have the option of making their apps web based. Web based apps cannot use the specific features of a mobile device, making them completely useless for integration. For example, a web based mobile application will be unable to access the tasks, calendar or contacts functions of a mobile device. Web based apps also lag behind in the user interface aspect due to browser limitations (Thayer & Richard, 2000: 38).
Project Cost Management
It includes: - Identifying human resources, materials, machinery needed for the project, - Estimating the cost of these resources in the quantities needed for the project - Budgeting, the allocation of resources to individual Units of work and - Monitoring ...