Perceptions of Pakistanis and Indians vis a vis Kashmir conflict.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

My thanks go out to all who have helped me complete this study and with whom this project may have not been possible. In particular, my gratitude goes out to friends, facilitator and family for extensive and helpful comments on early drafts. I am also deeply indebted to the authors who have shared my interest and preceded me. Their works provided me with a host of information to learn from and build upon, also served as examples to emulate.

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DECLARATION

I, (Your name), would like to declare that all contents included in this thesis/dissertation stand for my individual work without any aid, & this thesis/dissertation has not been submitted for any examination at academic as well as professional level previously. It is also representing my very own views & not essentially which are associated with university.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSii

DECLARATIONiii

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION1

Background1

Historical context2

Consumer behavior influence3

Problem statement4

Research questions4

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW5

Consumer behavior and culture5

Sub cultural aspects of consumer behavior6

Subculture of the elderly7

Class society8

Occupation usually offers a good indication of social class, like housing8

Social factors in consumer behavior11

Pak-Indo consumer behavior14

Personal factors in influencing consumer behavior15

Learning, retention and recall17

Relations in view of consumer behavior and values20

REFERENCES21

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

Background

Researchers in the conflict resolution field have been constantly studying the motivations and predictors of human behaviors affecting the environment, and proposing strategies that attempt to modify them. The results of these strategies are diverse and are linked to other variables including demographic characteristics and the elements of the behavior in question. Generally speaking, the results of psychology in the environmental field are noticeable, but still falls outside of the mainstream. There is no proven formula from a behavioral perspective to address Kashmir problems, but there is definitely a high recognition of the effectiveness of influencing human behavior as an approach to solving them. Pro-Kashmir behavior change theories and interventions first started to appear during the last years of the 1960s and beginning of the 1970s as a branch of the field of conflict resolution. These behavioral interventions emerged as an alternative to address Kashmir problems and appeared simultaneously as the Kashmir movement in the Pakistan and India started to bloom (Canul 2005, 594).

Due to Kashmir's unique circumstances since 1947, it has never been afforded the same status as a normal state in India or Pakistan. Thus, both IAJK and Azad Kashmir have unique administrative status. Azad Kashmir is considered somewhat independent of Pakistan, complete with a separate government, although it is administered and protected by Pakistan (Burton 2000, 341). Along with the Northern Areas, Azad Kashmir is under its own unique system of governance, although some federal authority stems from the Ministry of Kashmir Affairs and Northern Areas. Meanwhile, Indian-Administered Jammu and Kashmir has been the subject of a series of federal acts which bring the state under closer control of the federal government, instead of the local Kashmir government, as was initially intended by the Maharaja when he acceded to India (Campbell 2007, ...