Patient Autonomy

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION3

Background3

Problem Statement5

Determinants of the problem6

Purpose of study7

Rationale of the study7

Research aims8

Importance of the study8

LITERATURE REVIEW9

Background10

Research Support11

Interviews conducted and people chosen for the research11

Results13

Implications for practice14

Limitations14

Paternalism15

Perspectives in relation to autonomy16

Limitations of patient's autonomy18

LEGISLATION IN DIFFERENT STATES19

REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE20

CONCLUSION22

REFERENCES25

Influence of doctor's decision among patient's autonomy

Introduction

Background

Bioethics is the branch of ethics that is dedicated to providing the principles for proper human behavior regarding the life of both human life and the non-human life (animal and plant), as well as the environment in which they can conditions be acceptable for life. The fundamental ethical criterion governing this discipline is respect for the human being, inalienable rights, and dignity of the person. Bioethics affects all decisions, uncertainties, conflicts of values and dilemmas which doctors and medical teams are facing at the bedside in the operating room, in consulting or clinic and even at home (Beauchamp & Childress, 2001).

Bioethics must meet the needs of an increasingly pluralistic society and developed focusing attention on general civil rights, autonomy and self-determination of the patient, patient's dignity and interest. It should avoid the pre-established positions affected by the ideology (religion, science, politics, and money), the beneficent paternalism of doctors and the omnipotence of medicine, the dominance of the economy, the rigor of the law, the interference of family members, the interests of Insurance and the National Health Service and should match the progress of science and technology.

Bioethics covers ethical issues about life that arise in relations between biology, nutrition, medicine, etc. There is disagreement about the appropriate domain for the application of ethics in biological subjects. Some bioethicists tend to reduce the scope of ethics related to treatments medical innovation or technology. Others, however, believe that ethics should include on all actions that can help or harm organisms capable of feeling fear and pain. In a broader view, one must consider not only what affects living things (with the ability to feel pain or without such capacity), but also the environment in which life unfolds, so it is also related to the ecology.

Bioethics is the ethical reflection of any involvement of people with the busy environment, in particular to deal with the lives of people (other people), and the nature of medical as well as biotechnological applications. One of the goals is social consensus to be found on these issues and discussions, a moral basis for establishing normative rules (laws, conventions, decision-making basis for ethics committees to provide) for a responsible approach to life (Caplan & Fiester, 2005).

Patient autonomy is the ability to give the patient the authority so that they can focus on their goals and act under directions which they can make. According to the principle of bioethics, all individuals must have their autonomy and those who have reduced autonomy must be protected. Autonomy is the ability for the individual to think and act on own, deliberately and intentionally to achieve the goals with the help of communication with other parties. Autonomy is a dynamic feature, which changes degree (may increase or decrease) ...