NUTRITION AND STROKE PATIENTS

Nutrition and Stroke Patients



Nutrition and Stroke Patients

The stroke is a sudden stop of blood flow to the brain. Strokes are mostly caused by either a clot in the artery (and this is the case three out of four), or hemorrhage, sort of rupture of the vessel walls. The consequences of stroke are by far one of the major causes of disability in the population and long-term temporary disability, which in most cases associated with motor impairment (Atkinson 2011, p125). Hemiparesis in acute stroke is detected in 80-90% of patients, 40-50% of cases are reported sensory disturbances. Residual effects of varying degrees are found in approximately two thirds of patients, making stroke the problem of not only current health but also a social problem. In this regard, one of the priorities of public health practice is to restore lost health.

At the present time are studied in detail and begin to widely introduce new approaches to restorative treatment. It is known that within the next month after a stroke die 30%, and by the end of the year - from 45 to 48% of patients. 25-30% of stroke survivors remain disabled to work back up to 10-12%. At the same time, most patients can and should be improved as a result of disturbed functions of stroke (Freeman 2010 , p156).

According to modern concepts, the regression of neurologic deficits due to two interrelated processes: the restoration of functional activity of morphologically preserved, but temporarily disorganized neurons located in relation to the perifocal lesion, and the processes of neuroplasticity. One of the most important areas that will improve recovery after stroke, is the impact on biological adaptive mechanisms (Barker , 2003, p1598). Among these mechanisms should highlight the restoration of the functioning of neurons:

management of toxic and metabolic disorders;

normalization of regional and total cerebral blood flow;

reduction of brain edema;

activation of neuronal pathways is partially preserved in conditions of acute ischemia;

restoration of synaptic transmission and regeneration of axons and dendrites (Barker , 2003, p1598).

Partial preservation of neurons in the area or directly periinfarktnoy damaged pathways can provide recovery of lost functions. The experimental results strongly suggest that the structures in which were preserved, even 10-20% of the structural elements that can restore their function to near normal levels. In this context, interesting to note that for the appearance of pyramidal signs, in particular, the typical post-stroke postural disorders with a characteristic inflection hands to defeat more than 80% of corticospinal fibers of the way (Wang 2010, p152).

Recovering lost due to stroke functions in the recovery period due to possible mechanisms associated with the structural and functional reorganization of the central nervous system, denoted by the term neuroplasticity. Under the plasticity of the brain refers to its ability to compensate for the structural and functional disorders in an organic lesion. Anatomical basis for plasticity is the reorganization of the cortical divisions, increasing the efficiency of the surviving structures and increased use of alternative downstream ...