Nursing Theories



Nursing Theories

Introduction

Nursing is a science that dates from ancient times, for example, in the prehistoric era of primary care were provided by the tribal medicine man or simultaneously performed by its members. These precautions were passed from one generation to another with a repetitive nature of their actions without knowing even that had a scientific basis. Physical and mental well being of nurses is vital for them to perform their core task of taking care of their patients. Any disruption in their physical and mental well being can also disrupt them in performing their duties. This paper compares the two theories Orem Theory of Self-Care and Rosemarie Parse's Human Becoming Theory.

Orem Theory of Self-Care

Orem defines her model as a general theory of nursing consists of three other interrelated. In explaining the concept of self as a continuing contribution of the individual to his own existence: “The self is a learned activity by individuals, goal-oriented. It is the behavior that exists in certain situations life led by people about themselves, others or to the environment to regulate factors affecting their development and operation for the benefit of their life, health or welfare (Orem, 1991, 45).”

The theory further states that the nurse can use five methods of helping: acting offsetting deficits, guiding, teaching, supporting and providing surroundings for development. The concept of self reinforcing can be through the active participation of people in health care, as responsible for decisions that affect their situation, fully coinciding with the purpose of promoting health. It also defines three conditions of self, which are understood as the objectives or outcomes to be achieved with self-care:

Conditions of Universal Self-Care: they are common to all individuals and include the conservation of air, water, elimination, activity and rest, solitude and social interaction, health and safety and interaction of human activity.

Requirements for Self Development: creating the conditions necessary for life and ripening, prevent or mitigate adverse conditions the effects of such situations, at different times of the evolutionary process or human development: childhood, adolescence, adult and old age (Taylor, 2006).

Requirements for Self-Care Health Deviation: these requirements arise or got linked to health status.

Assumptions of the Theory

Following are some major assumptions of the theory:

The individuals ought to be responsible and self-reliant for their own, as well as the needing care of their family members.

According to the theory, the people are distinct from one another.

Nursing is a way of interaction and action among two or more individuals.

An essential feature of prevention of illness and primary care is the development of the requisites of universal self-care.

It is necessary for an individual to have knowledge regarding the potential health problems for the promotion of the behavior of self-care.

Dependent care and self care are those behaviors that can be learned through the context of socio-culture.

Concepts of the Theory

Person

Orem conceives the human being as a biological organism of rational thinking. An individual is affected by the environment and is capable of predetermined actions that affect him, the others around him and their ...