NAS BATTERIES

NaS Batteries

NaS Batteries

Introduction

Without a doubt, one of the greatest technological innovations of the twentieth century was the development of electronic integrated circuits (IC). Immediately after the first integrated silicon chip (developed by Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments Laboratory in 1958), the benefits of this revolutionary technology to the electronics discrete functional has been immediately obvious, but today it has produced the One of the most decorated of economic markets. The enormous growth of the electronics is pleased predicted Gordon E. Moore, who was one of Intel co-founder and pioneer of the new integrated technology. Moore predicted a doubling of the empirical density of transistors on a chip every 18 months, and he believes that this trend all at least a decade. This was the year 1969 [1]. As is clear from the history, Moore committed the only error in his prediction was to underestimate the duration of this explosive trend. Today, after more than four decades after Moore announced his famous law, the annual output transistor overcomes the total number of transistors ever built so far, the overall bandwidth, which is hundreds of times greater, the number of ants on Earth. However, despite extraordinary efforts to maintain the miniaturization of electronic circuits (IBM recently announced the release of a small transistor radio in the world of work with the body of silicon and 6Nm 4nm gate length) process integration, which leads to lower production costs and energy consumption of electronic products at high speed, will perform the physical restrictions imposed by the electron-electron interactions that occur at sub-nanometer [2].

Primarily for these reasons in the world of science and technology, trying to find a new alternative route to electronics. Thanks to its flexibility and a degree of compatibility with silicon technology are mainly engaged in the manufacture of microelectronic circuits, optical seems to offer the most promising alternatives for electronic systems, especially in telecommunication networks. However, keep in mind that today, for most applications, the electronics are still able to provide the same benefits at lower cost optics. Although the optoelectronic become a solid reality ", all-optical" technology is still very expensive, very difficult, and / or deliver less functionality. Thus, if the chip is so profitable, and in general, technical superiority, then why so much effort put into the development of optical telecommunications networks? The answer to that question lies in the technological revolution, which over the past 30 years has led to the replacement of conventional copper in favor of more efficient fiber optics, especially for long distance communications. Today, optical networks efficiently cover long distances between local phone, and provide the foundation to many other networks (LANs), including cable television, industry and energy companies in high-tech companies.

This revolution in communications systems is derived from some of the main advantages of optical communications in connection with his counterpart purely electronic. First, the fiber optic networks, the operational capacity is much higher than that of the son of copper. Secondly, the extremely low losses, which provide modern standard fiber to ...