Murder Rates with and without the Death Penalty

Murder Rates with and without the Death Penalty

Introduction

The United States is one of the 76 countries of the world where the application of the death penalty is still envisaged, and in 120 other countries such penalty has been abolished.

The United States still belong to the category of countries where the death penalty is applied as a punishment by the legal system. The crimes punishable by the death penalty at the federal level are currently: high treason, multiple murder, aggravated murder, espionage or aiding in the circulation of information that damage the national security system; murder of federal agents, police, military, fire, murder committed in some places defined social, such as national parks or abetting acts of terrorism etc. In some particular states the death penalty is also applicable for offenses such as' premeditated murder, the drug trafficking, murder as a result of rape or torture of the victim, the murder of minors etc. In this paper, we will discuss the murder rates with and without the death penalty. We will also discuss that what is meant by 'probability' when conducting and understanding research.

Discussion

Probability in Research

Probability is applied in conducting the research using the probability samples, i.e. those that the researcher can specify the probability of any element in the population investigated. Probability samples allow the use of inferential statistics, those that allow inferences from data. Moreover, non-probability samples used descriptive statistics only allow those that allow only describe, organize and summarize data.

Probability Sampling

Probability sampling is a genre of sampling which uses all those methods which can calculate the probability of extracting any possible samples. This set of sampling techniques is the most desirable, but sometimes you cannot opt ??for it. In this case we speak of probability samples, it is not strictly correct to speak of representative the samples. We cannot be certain that such a feature has been achieved unless we know the characteristics of the population.

Standard Error

The standard error of a measurement is the estimated standard deviation of the estimator. It is a measure of the accuracy of the sample mean calculated. It is therefore an estimate of the variability of the estimator, that is, a measure of its imprecision. The standard error is obtained by dividing the standard deviation by the square root of sample size. The standard error is not more than the standard deviation of the distribution averages of samples of a population.

Confidence Level

When we are estimating a parameter, the mere identification of a single value is often not enough. It should then accompany the estimate of a parameter with a range of plausible values ??for that parameter, which is known as Confidence Level. It is a combined value of cumulative probability that characterizes indirectly in terms of probability, its amplitude with respect to the maximum values ??assumed by the random variable that is measuring the probability that the random event described by the random variable in question falls within this interval, graphically equal to the area under ...