Multidrug Resistance in Bacteria

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would take this opportunity to thank my research supervisor, family and friends for their support and guidance without which this research would not have been possible.

DECLARATION

I, [type your full first names and surname here], declare that the contents of this dissertation/thesis represent my own unaided work, and that the dissertation/thesis has not previously been submitted for academic examination towards any qualification. Furthermore, it represents my own opinions and not necessarily those of the University.

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ABSTRACT

In this study, an attempt will be made to explore the concept of Multidrug Resistance in Bacteria in the best possible way. A review of various other important topics will be made as well such as microbiology and molecular biology. The research will analyse many aspects of Multidrug Resistance in Bacteria and will try to determine its effects on the doctors and patients. Finally the research will describe various factors that are responsible for the overall development of multidrug resistance and its contributions towards medical science. Therefore, the main purpose of the research is to study and examine the issues of Multidrug Resistance in Bacteria.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTii

DECLARATIONiii

ABSTRACTiv

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION1

Background of the study1

Problem Statement1

Research Aims and Objectives2

Rationale/ Nature of the study2

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW3

Bacterial Resistance3

Background of Bacterial Resistance4

Mechanisms of Resistance5

Mobile elements of resistance acquired5

Destruction or inactivation of the antibiotic6

Limitations of Bacterial Resistance6

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY8

Research Design8

Research Approach8

REFERENCES9

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

Multi resistant strains of the bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus (“Golden Staph”) are a frequent cause of hospital-acquired infections all over the world. One reason for the success of S. aureus as a hospital pathogen is the resistance of some strains to up to 20 different antimicrobial compounds. In this literature, there will be a need for analysing resistance afforded by multidrug efflux proteins which are proteins that assemble in the bacterial membrane and pump the drugs out of the cell. In S. aureus, there is one such protein that recognises and expels a number of different antiseptics and disinfectants are the QacA multidrug resistance protein. The regulation of expression of the QacA determinant is via the QacR protein, which has been shown to be a trans-acting repressor protein. QacR belongs to a family of regulatory proteins which all possess a typical DNA-binding helix-turn-helix motif at their N-terminal ends, and have highly divergent C-termini which are involved in the binding of inducing compounds. The elucidation of the structure of QacR is dependent on DNA target sequence or it is bound to cover different inducing compounds that have provided important insights on the structure and function of multidrug binding proteins. Therefore, an extensive research will be carried out on the topic of multidrug resistance in bacteria and the contributions it has made in the treatment of several patients.

Problem Statement

The problem statement that shall be used as primary parameter for the purpose of the research is the importance of “Multidrug Resistance in Bacteria”. There is a need to identify various aspects of multidrug resistance and further developments that are ...