MODERNISM IN ARCHITECTURE

History and Theory of Modernism

History and Theory Modernism

Introduction

Architecture has become an important discourse for new expressions of post national identity in general and in particular for the emergence of a 'spatial' European identity. The architecture becomes significant when describing a culture or identity of a nation. Modernism is one of the modern trends of architecture, which covers the work of architects from around the 20-ies of 70-80 years of XX century (in Europe). Modernism arises from the evolution of eclecticism and historicism (Mark, 2004, 202). It is a bourgeois art, very expensive, which attempts to integrate all the art architecture and the arts. Modernism is a stream essentially decorative, but has original architectural solutions. It takes place somewhere between the nineteenth and twentieth century's. Modernism misses the revolution solutions of iron and glass contribute to the architecture, but uses the industry for interior decoration and the forges of the grates, etc. Their shapes are soft and rounded, although this is not the characteristic of modernism, but the profusion of decorative motifs.

The influence of architectural modernism is felt in the current architecture, the 80's and 90 century. Creating new and unusual twists in the architecture of the XX century in the first half of the century led to fierce excitement, and by the end of the century - uncompromising criticism. The very notion of modernism in architecture inherent in the term - is to create something fundamentally new structures, which differ from the previous contrast. All this is reflected not only in external manifestations, but in fact the principal buildings (Crouch, 2000, 7). It was at this time, the notion of "a prism of glass and concrete," because that modernism claimed to use after achievements in the development of building materials, structures, and with complete lack of decor Design Company. Decoration of buildings was the material and unusual design.

Question # 1

We have chosen Walter Gropius as the architect of modernist period. Walter Gropius was one of the most influential architects of the twentieth century. Further we are going to discuss his work. The architectural movements of the twentieth century have produced numerous landmark building of immense historical significance. Modernism has become a term that requires definition, in architecture and other disciplines. Bauhaus modernism¨ is characterized in terms of period, location, ideas, and formal considerations. The contribution of Modernism and modern design would trace back to The Bauhaus and its founder Walter Gropius. Apart from the central iconic buildings, there has many symbolic importance achieves that goes well beyond the architecture. He started his own work in 1910. Following are some of the great work by him:

1910-1911 the Fagus Factory, Alfeld an der Leine, Germany

1914 Office and Factory Buildings at the Werkbund Exhibition, 1914, Cologne, Germany

1921 Sommerfeld House, Berlin, Germany designed for Adolf Sommerfeld

1922 competition entry for the Chicago Tribune Tower competition

1925-1932 Bauhaus School and Faculty, Housin, Dessau, Germany

1936 Village College, Impington, Cambridge, England

1936 66 Old Church Street, Chelsea, London, England

1937 The Gropius House, Lincoln, Massachusetts, USA

1942-1944 Aluminum City ...