MODERNISM

Modernism



Modernism

Introduction

The term modernity refers to a set of political, economic, social, and cultural processes usually traced back to forms of knowledge and practice that emerged in Europe around the 16th through the 18th centuries, a period often termed the Enlightenment. The philosophies associated with the Enlightenment have been much debated and modified over the centuries, but their central principles of the primacy of reason and the autonomy of the individual continue to underpin dominant forms of social order in today's global context. Typically implied in the concept of modernity are a sense of rupture with the past and tradition and a sense of progress toward a society governed by greater rationality, justice, and truth. Many scholars challenge these assumptions, highlighting modernity's “dark side,” including the projects of colonialism in the 19th century, which were central to the definition of a European identity. They also question the universalism and Eurocentrism of dominant theories of modernity.

Postmodernism can be considered as involving a rejection of, or at least a movement away from, modern views on knowledge. At least since the European Renaissance, and probably well before, the acquisition of knowledge can be widely seen as emancipator, holding, at least potentially, prospects of freedom from social and innate constraints (Hunt, 1982, pp.54).

Postmodernism was a late 20th century action that is against the modernist anxiety for purity of pattern and technique, and can be directed at eliminating the dissimilarities between art, well-liked heritage and media. Postmodernism is anti-realist in his metaphysics, because it refutes that we can converse intelligently about their own reality. This cause, if not sceptical relativist epistemology, decline, or anything additional, as an entailment of getting target knowledge. This is the collectivist socio-constructivist in their anecdotes of human nature, an activist of ethics and politics, and awful art in its aesthetic. Postmodernism is more a state of mind and intellectual style. As the type of mentality, postmodernism is hyper reflexia, which arose in the religious and philosophical vacuum, discredit the ideological concepts of total relativism, overproduction of items of immediate consumption. As a creative setting postmodernism are a maximum of intellectual game, heuristic, reflective, and a destructive sense-at least, ethical, aesthetic, and constructive. Postmodernism is not a philosophy or history and it's not associated with an ideology, not looking for nor endorses any truths. Postmodernism is seen as a reaction to the modernist cult of the new, as well as an elite response to popular culture as a polycentric state of ethical-aesthetic paradigm. Postmodernism is also seen as a reaction to the total commercialization of culture, as the opposition of official culture.

Theory of Weber

Weber defines social class is based on the ability of an individual to purchase goods or services. Social class is for sociologists and is an essentially economic phenomenon. It distinguishes groupings based on prestige such as orders or power including political parties.

Weber recognizes that there is a class situation from an economic perspective, but, for him, an individual is not defined as belonging to that class, but ...