MARKETING

Marketing



Second Part (Assignment 2)

Introduction

The decade from which we have just emerged, the 1980's, was a time of growing recognition that we live in a world in profound crisis—a world of dehumanizing poverty, collapsing ecological systems, and deeply stressed social structures. Awareness is dawning that these are not isolated problems. Many non-governmental organizations (NGOs) became increasingly aware during the 1980's that the leadership needed to deal with the underlying causes of the human tragedy was not being provided by governments. Governments and international agencies themselves came to acknowledge the ability of NGOs to do what governments have proven unable to do, i.e., to get a range of essential goods and services to the poor (Ries Al, 2009, 89).

Growing numbers of NGOs also recognized that their own efforts were too meager and too often focused on the consequences of system failure rather than the underlying causes of this failure … In their attempts to deal with the reality some NGOs have sought increases in government funding to expand their service delivery capabilities. Others have questioned the nature of their more conventional roles and asked whether they may need to rethink their approaches to development actions to get at the real causes of the human suffering that motivates their action (Korten, 2010, p. 6).

Background

Nongovernmental organization is a more self-limiting term and is often the first agent thought of as an NSA. NGOs are important since much of the research available on NSAs in international relations does not track narcotics organizations, think tanks, or local agricultural cooperatives. A vast amount of literature follows the political work and relevance of NGOs. But even here there are difficulties on account of the ubiquitous success of the NGO. The growing lexicon includes large international NGOs (INGOs), government sponsored or organized NGOs (GONGOs), and local and indigenous grassroots support organizations (GROs and GSOs). Eso is sometimes a synonym with GSO, while other NGOs may be technical aid agencies (TANGOs). Some NGOs are international, private sector, for-profit programs and consulting corporations (ICCs).

The ICC is an anomaly in the discussion of NGOs but operates in the same global milieu and competes for funding and programs. In addition to institutional size and the primary level of agency (international, national, or local) in which the NGO participates, an NGO may be an operational service provider, an advocacy NGO that seeks to change public policies or educate constituencies, or a donor of resources to more local NGOs and networks.

Discussion

There is however strict requirements on these exemptions and the organizations are closely monitored by the IRS. Non-profits fall under the tax exempt organizations because they relieve some burden that may otherwise provide a strain to the federal, state, and local government. Most of these organizations are exempt from property taxes, income taxes and sales taxes; only required to pay taxes from income not directly associated with their mission and payroll taxes for their employees. The structure of a Non-profit organization is similar to that of a corporate business (Banjo, ...