MANHOLE COVER DEFECTS IN SEFTON

Manhole Cover Defects in Sefton

Table of Content

CHAPTER 01: INTRODUCTION1

Background of the Study1

Hypothesis1

Aim and objectives of the research project2

Limitations3

Ethical Concerns3

CHAPTER 02: LITERATURE REVIEW5

Background Of The Invention6

Summary Of The Invention9

Fitting a new cover to a circular IC18

Fitting a new cover to lightweight manholes21

CHAPTER 03: METHODOLOGY35

Research Design35

Method35

Data collection35

Data Analysis36

Sampling36

CHAPTER 04: DISCUSSION39

Method and materials42

Thermoplastic rejects42

Foundry sand43

Steel bars' reinforcement44

Testing manhole cover45

CHAPTER 05: CONCLUSION50

REFERENCES59

CHAPTER 01: INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

The leading watertight, easy to remove, non-bolting composite manhole cover on the market is available in a range of sizes and load ratings. FL100 and FL90 models are suitable for turbine sump access. The small FL120 model is ideal for single ATG or manual dip points on the tank, or to cover monitoring wells. Locks available. A break-through in composite technology enabled the launch of our new premium range of multi-port covers. Our lightweight composite, non- bolting covers, include two ports to give direct access to fill and vapor recovery or dip risers inside the tank sump. Ports are located at 16" centers and can be color coded to identify the fuel grade and are attached with a chain to prevent incorrect fuel drops into the tank. Additional product ID plates can be fixed to the main cover. The tough, hard wearing material ensures the user has a high performing, long lasting product.

Manhole covers are an invisible part of the environment, they're everywhere, but no one sees them .since they're so common. But, for a company that makes them - trapped in fixed-price contracts - manholes were of prime importance. The present invention relates to a construction of a manhole cover. More specifically, the present invention relates to a foamed steel adjustment or grade ring that is used to construct the manhole cover that re made up of steel.

In accordance with our invention, we provide a cover for manhole structures which provides all of the advantages of a cast steel supporting structure with a requirement of less metal while still providing a cover which is heavy enough to permit its insertion in a manhole frame without the use of fastening means. Our improved manhole cover is provided by an improved design of the metal portion thereof and the use of high strength materials whereby the amount of metal is reduced to a minimum, while the weight of a concrete portion of the cover is so selected that together with the weight of the metal portion it will at least add up to the required minimum weight. Accordingly, by designing the metal portion whereby it absorbs the full traffic load, the concrete portion may be constructed as a non-supporting component for the purpose of adding weight only.

Hypothesis

There appears to be a rise in the number of complaints from Sefton residents regarding manhole cover defects and a hypothesis was formed that this is due to the use of lightweight manhole covers being deployed by United Utilities to replace older and heavier covers due to site operatives following H&S guidelines on lifting heavy ...