The dystopian view is grounded in the threat of “Grey Goo” which was introduced to the public by K. Eric Drex-ler in his seminal book, Engines of Creation. Under the theory of “Grey Goo,” the ability to create self-replicating nanobots can lead to catastrophe as these advanced and efficient synthetic organisms multiply and outcompete biological life forms for sunlight and food supplies, leaving behind a biosphere utterly void of organic life.
In the first phase of the movie the movie describes in light of the potential to destroy our planet Earth (and perhaps our solar system and beyond), a number of people began to call for the cessation of work in the nanoscience fields. Labeled as neo-Luddites by proponents of nanoscience, their ranks include constituents ranging from Jerry Mander (best known for his book Four Arguments for the Elimination of Television) to Bill Joy, chief scientist and cofounder of Sun Microsystems. These neo-Luddites seek the cessation of nanoscience. They hold an underlying fear that perhaps some knowledge is best left unknown because our past experiences with advanced technology, such as atomic and nuclear science, has caused much more danger in the world than good. And while some simply protest technology itself, others fear that, unlike other technologies, nanotechnology has too great a potential to harbor the end of humanity—whether through development of cross-human-robotics that succeed us on the evolutionary process or through nano-terrorism—to allow research to continue.
In the second phase of the movie the movie depicts of Social movements supporting a moratorium of nanoscience include 44 national and international public health and policy, environmental and trade union organizations, including the International Union of Food Workers (IUF), the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC), the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO), Bakery, Confectionery, Tobacco Workers, and Grain Millers International Union (BCTGM), United Steelworkers, Friends of the Earth, and the ETC Group. The moratorium is called for until nano-materials can be shown to be safe to the environment and health. The moratorium is controversial because it is not clear that any product can ever be shown to be completely free from risk.
Utopian
Perhaps surprisingly, the utopian view of nanotechnology also came to popular culture through Drexler's Engines of Creation. His book tells of the great promise of nanotechnology: ranging from (practically) unlimited resources to supply all of humankind with the ability to repair ...