LITERATURE REVIEW

Can exercise affect a child's concentration before a Mathematics lesson?



Can exercise affect a child's concentration before a Mathematics lesson?

Introduction

The change in the technology at the turn of the 21st century has changed the life of people. Most of the people take it as a positive change with the idea that it will improve their lifestyle. However, in the view of some philosophers, it can affect the lifestyle of a child as the children will become distracted by the advancement in the technology. It is observed that 17 percent children of U.K. aged 6 to 19 are distracted in their education due to the exercise. Contemporary physical education curriculum today, as it pertains to the consideration of central issues of curriculum studies about what is worthwhile, has come a long way from issues of credibility and data based studies to issues of what is worthwhile in physical education curriculum.

Warning of the health risks associated with the transformation of America from a rural-agrarian land to urban-industrial country at the turn of the 19th century, Sargent, in 1904, wrote that “the problem is to keep our strength, health, and power under the circumstances imposed by modern development. This advancement has resulted in the fact that it is possible to earn a living at the present time by the use of a very few muscles and faculties”.

Trends and Issues in physical Education

In the 1960s, physical education was primarily viewed as a teaching field in higher education, with the exception of one specialization, exercise science, which fuelled the drive to be “more academic.” At the time, there were no systematic research programs in place other than some positivist-oriented research. Attempts to create a theoretical structure for the field began at this time.

More changes were on the horizon as well, driven at least in part by the need for academic credibility in higher education and the success of exercise science with its established body of research. The most notable change, following the path of exercise science (increasingly referred to as exercise physiology), was the development of other sub disciplines, such as sport psychology, sport sociology, sport philosophy, biomechanics, and motor learning. Borrowing from the parent disciplines (e.g., psychology, sociology, physics), each of these sub disciplines, among others, began to adopt their own unique research methods, theories, and language, facilitated by the gradual emergence of multiple paradigms and tentative steps toward qualitative inquiry and critical theory research. Emphasis at this time was on affiliation with the “parent discipline” and away from the practice of physical education. As a result, the field of physical education began to look more like other academic disciplines, but in the process became fragmented, with each sub discipline becoming increasingly isolated from the others. These beginning trends in the 1960s quickly became the field's primary structure, a development that has grown since then. One consequence of all of these changes, because of prioritization of the sub disciplinary structure over practice, was the reduction of status of practice-based activities in higher education, ...