LEADERSHIP STYLES

Leadership Styles

Table of Contents

Introduction3

Discussion3

Autocratic Leadership Style3

Transactional Leadership Style4

Laissez-faire Leadership Style4

The Evolution the Laissez-Faire Concept6

Journal Articles Supporting and Opposing the Theory8

Conclusion13

References14

Leadership Styles

Introduction

Effective leadership practices can greatly contribute in increasing organizational outcomes. There is a growing concern among the corporate and business leaders to understand the nature and practice of effective leadership styles. This paper explores the diverse leadership styles in a holistic context. Specifically, the paper addresses the Laissez-faire leadership model developed by Kurt Lewin in 1930s. The paper evaluates the pros and cons of the Laissez-faire leadership concept through a review of extensive research articles on the subject. Finally, the paper draws on the core of the Laissez-faire concept by showing the possible applicability and significance of this leadership style.

Discussion

Autocratic Leadership Style

In the autocratic leadership style, the leader essentially has absolute power. This style of leadership is often used in operational settings like emergency and military services (Martineau 2004). This style provides little opportunity for suggestions or input from subordinates. Outside the emergency scene, and even on occasion at the emergency scene, people will balk at this approach. In EMS, overuse or inappropriate use of the autocratic approach could lead to poor morale, absenteeism, and high turnover. It is important to remember that EMS personnel are professionals (McCauley & Velsor 2003). They are taught to think and act independently, and, although they understand chain-of-command, they expect and deserve to be treated with respect. However, providing specific direction and careful monitoring may be required in some cases, such as those involving a new or amateur provider, or even an experienced provider who is new to your agency and needs guidance on policies and procedures (Foschi 2006).

When used correctly, autocratic leadership can be very effective. However, when overused or used incorrectly, it can lead to misunderstandings, morale issues, and even fear. Even in the military, the autocratic approach is not always as simple as it is portrayed in the movies and on television (Schellenberg 1978). Autocratic leadership is just one of many approaches an EMS leader can employ.

Transactional Leadership Style

Transactional leadership is more of a management style, focusing on supervision and performance, reward and punishment. Positive results are rewarded, whereas less-than-desired results are reprimanded or punished. Too often, leaders in all fields focus more on punishment than reward. For this approach to be effective, the leader must understand the difference between 'corrective' and 'disciplinary' action (Yukl 2007). These instances should not be confused with inappropriate behavior that requires discipline, such as harassment or a blatant violation of policy. Taking the time to acknowledge acceptable behavior will set the tone and perhaps make the times when corrective or disciplinary actions are necessary less frequent (Foschi 2006).

Laissez-faire Leadership Style

'Laissez-faire' means to 'leave it be.' This is a hands-off macro-leadership approach in which the leader merely provides broad direction followed by periodic monitoring and feedback. It is most effective for dealing with subordinates who are both proficient at their positions and independently motivated to do their jobs and accomplish the goals of the organization ...