In-Situ Combustion

Applicability of In-Situ Combustion and Range of Applicability Evaluation

Declaration

I …………………corroborate that this work submitted for assessment is my own and is a formulation of my own words. Any area of this paper which tends to incorporate the works of other authors in any contour (e.g. ideas, equations, figures, text, tables, programs) are properly acknowledged.

Signed……………………………………………………………..

Date………………………………………………………………..

Acknowledgements

The researcher will take this opportunity to stretch the bundle of thanks to Dr. Jim Somerville for inculcating the idea and taking the first step in regard to the project. His guidance during the course of the research has been exemplary. Plus, the amount of time and hard work rendered by Dr. Mehran Sohrabi is truly appreciated. The researcher will also like to stretch gratitude to the institute and staff members of Herriot Watt University for formulating the mechanism which tends to provide the world class teaching and research facility as this project would not have been possible without the existence of such infrastructure.

Abstract

This paper renders the existing work on In-Situ Combustion along with Steam Injection. Plus the challenges which have been met in order to decipher the processes, mechanisms of the Industry and the principles in the context of the in-situ combustion as a thermal recovery method. Moreover, the paper tends to provide the assortment of ISC team and steam injection by inculcating several factors from the model, to economics and to the engineering date prior a decision is taken in regard to the method. This paper also stretches its roots to underground coal gasification along with its nomenclature. However, the results extracted from the stimulation of ISC and steam injection were balanced again each other in regard to recovery efficiency, security, stoutness of the methods and economics. Outcomes tends to highlight the fact that recovery from ISC was relatively stood on a elevated ground as compared to EOR methods. However, different results were also balanced upon each other which can only be grasped if perceived in the whole context.

Table of Contents

Declarationi

Acknowledgementsii

Abstractiii

CHAPTER 1.01

Aims1

Background of the Project1

CHAPTER 2.03

Historical Perspective3

Brief History of Underground Coal gasification (UCG)4

Advantages of In-Situ Combustion4

Limitations of In-Situ Combustion5

CHAPTER 3.06

Methodology6

Approach to field Application7

Evaluation- In-Situ Combustion and Steam Injection.7

CHAPTER 4.08

Literature Review8

Wet Combustion8

Forward Combustion8

In Reverse combustion.11

Frame Work of Underground Coal Gasification (UCG)11

Underground Coal Gasification Process12

Chemical Reaction13

Reaction Kinetics15

Heat Transfer16

Mass Transfer17

Process Constraints18

Facilities and Equipment18

Air Compressors18

Well Design and Completion19

Operational Challenges21

Technical21

Corrosion21

Water production21

Sand Production22

Emulsion and Asphaltene Production22

Ignition of Well22

Surface facilities23

Fluid processing23

Environmental Factors23

Security Concerns24

CHAPTER 5.025

Field Modelling and Simulation25

Channelizing25

Other Solutions25

Mounting of Grid25

Emulsification26

Screening and Selection Criteria of ISC26

CHAPTER 6.029

Evaluation of ISC and Steam Injection29

CHAPTER 7.031

Outcomes31

Economics of the Project32

CHAPTER 5.033

Conclusion33

References34

Applicability of In-Situ Combustion and Range of Applicability Evaluation

CHAPTER 1.0

Aims

In-Situ Combustion is counted among those aspects of reservoir engineering where a great deal of research work has already been conducted. However, this study aspires to achieve the following objectives:

A comprehensive reassessment of the work done in the past in relation to the subject of In-Situ Combustion.

Formulating an effective and efficient methodology to be applied in-situ combustion as reservoir recovery method.

Contrasting the different perspectives of in-situ combustion against the recovery methods such as steam ...