Idealism



Idealism

Introduction

Idealism is the family of philosophical theories that assert the primacy of ideas, or even its independent existence. A synonym is immaterialism. Idealism has two main variants: the objective and subjective. The objective idealism holds that ideas exist by themselves, and we can only "learn" or discover them. Representatives of objective idealism are Plato (idealist or Platonist realism), Leibniz, Hegel, Bolzano, Dilthey and Frege.

The comparison of the ideologies is done by comparing the point of views of the authors and the philosophical distinctions that the ideologies hold. The main difference is the strong version that the ideologies holds about the individual constructing the world. there are things in themselves but that there are only things for us (constructivism). On this view, nature has no independent existence, which comes at odds with everything we know about the world before the appearance of humans. In contrast, the moderate version "says that things are the color of glass that looks.” Science and technology do not approve any version of idealism, since both represent the outer world and so I explored and modified.

Discussion

In this paper, we will discuss the Ancient Greek, Chinese and German idealism in detail and the contribution of the ancient idealists.

Parmenides Idealism

Parmenides believed that the reason was the only reliable man. He refused to believe in change and had the idea, common in neither those times that all things of this world always existed, because it's never not been able to stop nor being, therefore, for him, change not thinkable. This conviction is a precursor of Parmenides Plato's idealism. The doctrine of Parmenides that being can arise from non-being and that it can neither be born nor disappearing, was applied to matter by his successors, including Empedocles and Democritus, who are the foundation of their materialist thinking of the universe.

Plato Idealism

Plato was the first ancient Greek political philosopher and indeed the first philosopher to leave a large and systematic body of work exploring the relationship between ethics, politics, metaphysics, and epistemology. His importance is such that Alfred North Whitehead famously described all European philosophy as a series of “footnotes to Plato” (1978, p. 39); he also founded the first prototype of the modern university, known as the Academy, where Aristotle studied under him. He is often seen as the founder of utopianism, though the word was invented by the sixteenth-century humanist and Platonist Thomas more, and so it is in precise terms an anachronism to use it of Plato (Capelle, 2009).

The term ' idealism 'is quite common to refer to the Platonic and Neoplatonic ideas. However, from the perspective of the theory of universal, Platonic inspiration are in fact, 'realistic' for both ideas have a real existence (Giovanni, 2004).

Aristotle Idealism

Aristotle has distinguished itself as one of the most important philosophers of all time and has been one of the pillars of Western thought (Capelle, 2009). His works, written more than 2300 years, continue to exert a significant influence on many contemporary thinkers and remain under study by numerous ...