HOHOKAM NATIVE AMERICAN CIVILIZATION

Hohokam Native American Civilization

Hohokam Native American Civilization

Introduction More than 2,500 years before, American Indians conveyed farming prosperity to the Arizona wasteland with the building of convoluted irrigation systems. About 425 BCE these Indians, the ancestors of today's O'odham countries who are often called Hohokam by archaeologists, started building of the town of Skoaquik which entails the "place of snakes." Archaeologists call this location Snaketown. For more than 12 centuries the Hohokam prospered peacefully in the Arizona desert. In the Hohokam groups of Casa Grande and Pueblo de los Muertos, irrigation schemes conveyed water to the farming areas from the stream which was six miles away. These hand-dug canals were often 10 feet deep and up to fifty feet wide. In alignment to avert water decrease through seepage, the Hohokam plastered the edges of the canals. These large canals fed hundreds of little ditches that conveyed water to thousands of acres of croplands. 

 

Analysis

The title Hohokam (pronounced with the agree to on the last syllable) arrives from the phrase Hoohoogum, the title granted by the up to designated day Native Americans in this locality to the prehistoric peoples who they accept as factual to be their ancestors. The Hohokam persons used by the valley and much of south Arizona from A.D. 1 to 1450 (Patricia and James 1991).

 

Origin

The Hohokam migrated north from what is now Mexico and resolved in south Arizona. There is powerful clues that they sustained binds with groups in Mexico. Trade pieces for example parrots and copper chimes have been traced to their sources in Mexico. There is no clues that the Hohokam worked copper them so they should have swapped the completed products (Judge, 1991).

 

Prehistoric Tribes

Nomadic assemblies roamed over the district in cyclic circuits for thousands of years before discovering to cultivate the land. Around 200-300 B.C., a tribe we understand as the Hohokam resolved in the Gila and Salt River valleys. They may have had the most complicated very vintage heritage that ever evolved north of Mexico. Industrious agriculturalists, the Hohokam cut into more than 300 miles of irrigation canals in the Salt River Valley alone (Judge, 1991). The bigger canals assessed more than 15 feet broad and 10 feet deep. Using water from the canals, the Hohokam increased corn—the staple of their diet—as well as beans and squash. They furthermore searched game and accumulated untamed plants. For most of their annals the Hohokam dwelled in pithouses constructed of brush and grime over superficial pits. Later, some constructed rectangular adobe houses. Larger villages had dwellings by the hundreds and ball courts—large walled areas probable made for sport performed with hard rubber balls. The Hohokam made pottery, mud figurines, pebble basins, case jewelry, decorate palettes, and cotton fabric cloth. At their top round A.D. 1100, their towns comprised a community of between 50,000 and 100,000 (Patricia 1990).

 

Americans Arrive

Spanish and early American explorers unseen the area. It wasn't until after the Civil War that tales of gold captivated creeks of treasure hunters into ...