HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY

History of Psychology



History of Psychology

Question-1

The study of self and identity has a long and storied history in the field of psychology. Self-concept, understood as a multifaceted cognitive structure supporting the way in which one perceives oneself, is an integral feature to constructing one's identity. The study of self and identity has exploded into one of the more researched topics within psychology. However, the discussion of the self did not begin with the field of psychology; it began long before that time (Bridgeman, 2003).

Question-2

Evolutionary psychology emerged in the 1980s out of the young field of sociobiology, the study of evolved biological determinants of human social behavior. Evolutionary psychologists study how and why human beings evolved to use important resources in order to cognitively construct an individual identity (Buss, 1999).

The foundations of consumer psychology in a broad historical sense can be traced back to the rapid industrial growth witnessed in the latter part of the nineteenth century in the United States, where the productivity that characterized the new industrial age enabled the expansion of consumerism on an unprecedented scale. The early growth in consumer psychology was therefore driven by a mixture of basic practical and economic concerns (Jacoby, 2001).

Social psychology, which is a research area that studies the reciprocal effects of individuals on groups and organizations, has many direct applications to problems of leadership, especially in science and technology where leadership strategies commonly used by leaders to control people can constrain innovation (Baumeister, 1999).

Question-3

In psychological science, there are different conceptions of its history. The famous historian of psychology E. Boring to explain scientific discoveries in psychology have used the concept of Zeitgeist (spirit of the time). According to Boring, "magic" concept of Zeitgeist means the characteristic for each time the atmosphere of opinion, under the powerful influence of the researcher who is thinking of opening up is not done until it is not ready for the time. The history of psychology can be regarded as a chain of achievements of individuals: all the changes in science are due to the unique people who can single-handedly determine and change the course of history. Zeitgeist performs a dual role helps contribute to scientific progress, but also to prevent it, as the knowledge itself bear the stamp of his time (Schultz & Schultz, 2011, Pp. 34).

Question-4

The rationalist nativism was denied by the empiricist philosophers (Locke, Berkeley and Hume) who conceived of consciousness as a ...