Health promoting Behavior in African American Urban Population

By

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like thank my mother (late) who motivated me to undertake this programme. A big thank to senior sister Mrs Amaefule, colleagues for their tremendous support and patience

This journey would not have been possible without the help of my supervisor and the academic support I got from her, the librarians at City University and at the university college hospital

DECLARATION

I [type your full first names and surname here] hereby declare that the matter and the ideas presented in this report is my own unaided word and the contents of this research have not been submitted earlier for any educational purpose.

Signed __________________ Date _________________

ABSTRACT

African American (AA) adults experience disproportionately higher multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, and strokes, when compared with Caucasians, yet few AA engage in health-promoting behaviors to advance their health. Previous research show health behaviors employed by AA, contribute to significantly higher morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease and strokes. There is limited literature regarding which health-promoting lifestyle behaviors AA adults integrate into their lifestyles to improve health and general well-being. The purpose of this study is to utilize the Health Promotion Model as a theoretical frame, to examine AA adult participation in health-promoting lifestyle behaviors; explore the differences in AA participation in health-promoting lifestyle behaviors by demographic categories (age, gender, marital status, and employment status); and finally determine the extent to which perceived health status, and demographic variables explain participation in an overall health-promoting lifestyle. A convenience sample of AA adults, aged 19-75 will be recruited from grocery stores, churches, community events, and barber/beauty shops in Nebraska. This cross-sectional descriptive design study will collect quantitative data from the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLPII), Perceived Health Status, and Demographics Questionnaire. Data will be analyzed using a series of two-way multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) to determine differences in behavioral dimensions scores across demographic categories. Univariate results will be examined to determine particular differences in the demographic categories.

Contents

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTii

DECLARATIONiii

ABSTRACTiv

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION1

Problem Statement2

Purpose of the Study2

Research Question3

Hypotheses3

Theoretical Framework4

Assumptions6

Significance of the Study7

Summary7

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW9

Introduction9

Awareness of CVD among African American population10

Hyper tension in African American population11

Barriers to implementing health promotion behavior12

Culturally relevant strategies13

Physical activity, dietary modification and social support14

Health promotion in homeless14

Health Promotion, Socioeconomic Status, Education and Marital Status15

Health Promotion and Spirituality15

Summary16

Theoretical Framework17

The Health Promotion Model17

The Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II20

Socioeconomic status21

Religiosity, Age, Education and marital status21

Age, health status, and health index22

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY23

Research Hypotheses23

Description of the study24

Study Design24

Health Promotion25

Health Status26

Spirituality26

Data Collection and Analysis Procedure for Data Collection27

Missing Data28

Methodological Limitations29

CHAPTER 4: DISCUSSION30

Demographics30

Marital status31

Age31

Number of hours worked.32

Number of children32

Years of education33

Income34

Body mass index35

Medical conditions36

Health status38

Spirituality39

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION40

Summary of the Study40

References42

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

As a nation, we have made strides in advancing the health of many Americans, yet preventable diseases, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and strokes are the leading causes of death in the United States. CVD disease is one of the leading cause of death, while strokes are in third place (Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC), 2010; National Institutes of Health & National ...