Policy makers in UK are House of Commons and House of Lords. House of Commons is name of elected lower house of bicameral parliaments of United Kingdom and Canada, and was historically name of lower house of Ireland and North Carolina. Around equivalent bodies in other countries that were British colonies United States House of Representatives, House of Representatives of Australia, New Zealand and House of Representatives.
In United Kingdom and Canada, Wikipedia, has much more legislative power than upper house of Parliament (House of Lords and Senate, respectively). Leader of majority party in House of Commons usually becomes prime minister. Since 2010, House of Commons of United Kingdom has had 650 elected members. Canadian House of Commons has 308 members. Has power to give government the vote of confidence.
House of Lords (commonly known as "lords", officially known as Spiritual and temporal Lords "in Acts of Parliament, and also known as House of Lords for ceremonial purposes) is upper house of Parliament of United Kingdom, UK's national legislature. Parliament consists of Sovereign, House of Commons ( lower house of Parliament and referred to "freedom"), and lords. House of Lords and House of Commons meets in Palace of Westminster.
Question 2
One is unsuitability of this type of expenditure review process for allocating funds to devolved administrations in general - that is to receive funds that rely on inter-departmental negotiations driven by spending and policy priorities relate primarily to England. speed of this process, and tendency of immediate concerns take precedence over more remote, is structurally inadequate. It also leads to serious errors specific. In 2007, largest error was about consequentials arise (or not) of Olympic Games in 2012 (discussed here). This has been the running sore in relations that still festers. Parallel 2010 seems to have been decisions on funding and organization of S4C, discussed here.
Making such the system work requires two changes. One would be to slow down, so there are significant opportunities for decentralized governments to participate in process. Second is to create the framework for engagement, to address areas of spill-over policy. Clearest example of this today is higher education (previously discussed HERE). It's one thing for United Kingdom to make decisions on financing of higher education in England, is another to do so when such decisions profoundly affect decentralized options as well. In most federal systems, the policy of this magnitude would be developed with wide consultation to find out what parts of it delegate (regional) governments in accordance with, what parts are not and how to manage areas where no agreement. It was made by the government seeking the report and then coming up with confusing and contradictory set of announcements about its intention to implement it, while writing in their financial plans the series of compromises with very tangible consequences for other government. In the system with so many serious policies of indirect effects such as UK, the serious approach to this type of intergovernmental relations ...