Groundwater Vulnerabilities

Abstract

The effective tool used for the groundwater contamination with the help of the contamination map assessment. The pollution due to ground water is prevailing in different societies and, becoming the serious issue in relation of different agricultural activities and, due to large agricultural activities the pollution of ground water is the serious threat because of several fertilizers. The pollution contributes in the contamination of the ground water and, due to this contamination, groundwater become unfit for personal and other use. This research focuses on the study and provides another treatment of the groundwater by introducing AHP (Analytic of Hierarchy Process) method and, this method is used to compute the ratings and different masses of the parameters that are used in the DRASTIC model. This model is focused to provide user friendly interface of weights and thematic layers that are used for aquifer vulnerability assessment. As we all know that, AHP has general advantage in the evaluation and, GIS is important for spatial analysis. When we combine AHP with GIS is aimed to provide different means and studies to the environmental evaluation. In order to do evaluation we aim to provide DRASTIC, AHP-DRASTIC, DRASTIC-AHP, AHP-AHP and, Modified-AHP in order to provide user friendly interfaced with GIS for finding the estimation of weights and, different ranks of the thematic layers that may be used for the aquifer vulnerability assessment in order to identify which methods have good results in Kerman plain. On considering the results of the study, it has been revealed that the modified DRASTIC model is proved to be better than other models and, work efficiently that other traditional method especially in agricultural areas. On evaluation of regression coefficient, all the results have shown that relationship between the vulnerability index and, nitrate concentration was X% when considering the modification and, 44% before modification. All the models AHP-DRASTIC, AHP-AHP, and Modified DRASTIC was X% and, on considering the comparison it was indicated that the results of the XX model are better than other models.

Keywords: DRASTIC model, GIS, Analytic hierarchy process, modified DRASTIC, Kerman plain.

Table of Contents

Introduction5

Advantages of using DRASTIC method6

Features of DRASTIC model and other methods7

Purpose9

Study area9

Data and method10

Data collection10

Spatial data10

Data used10

Methodology11

Methodology overview11

DRASTIC11

Features of Kerman Plain13

DRASTIC Pollution Index (DPI)17

Drastic index17

Integration AHP method and DRASTIC model19

AHP rating - AHP(R)19

AHP weighting - AHP(W)19

Modified DRASTIC method20

Nitrate measurements20

Calibration method21

Conclusion21

References23

Groundwater Vulnerabilities

Introduction

The DRASTIC model was used for the assessment of aquifer vulnerability and, it is used worldwide and, help in making political decisions regarding the safeguard of groundwater from pollution (Al-Adamat et al., 2003; Babiker et al., 2005; Fritch et al., 2000; Kalinski et al., 1994;Kim and Hamm, 1999; Lobo-Ferreira and Oliveira, 1997; Rahman, 2008; Pacheco and Sanches Fernandes, 2012; Huan et al., 2012). DRASTIC Model is the important tool for this case study in order to manage the environment and, in the Kerman plain which is situated in the South East of Iran. Numerous studies have been conducted since the early 90s, vulnerability assessment has shown that a powerful and inexpensive way to identify areas ...