GLOBALIZATION

Globalization

Globalization

Introduction

Globalization has become almost commonplace in the justification of any measure or in the interpretation of changes that occur both in public and in private. Its spread seems to derive from one's own ability to explain the task force for a number of changes that occur and impact on everyday life with extraordinary toughness. Globalization appears to be the most important issue of social sciences since the late 90's. The key phrase is repeated continually refers to "the challenges posed by globalization," and also appears as the main justification for public policies to be adopted by very unpopular or they can be painful. In this phenomenon, the views are very diverse, where there is a position that is absolutely true and they are in the rugged field of opinion, and that is why everyone tries to analyze the main arguments for and against the development of globalization process.

Modernization Theory

A theory designed to explain the process of modernizing societies. The theory considers the internal factors of development of any country, based on the installation, that the "traditional" countries may be involved in the development the same way as are the developed countries. Modernization theory endeavours to recognize the social variables that add to social development and expansion of society, and will attempt to elucidate the procedure of social development. Although none of the scientists does not deny the process of modernization of society (the transition from traditional to industrial society), the theory itself has undergone considerable criticism from both Marxists and the representatives of free-market ideas, and supporters of the theory depend on the reason that is a simplified representation of the historical process (Smith, 2002, pp.90-106).

The basic structural changes in this phase of modernity clear four elements:

a.Differentiation of the bureaucratic structure (social complexity)

b.Secularization of political culture (democracy)

c.Increasing the capacity of the political system of a society (bureaucracy)

d.Promoting practices of capital accumulation (growth and self-reliance)

One of the key factors in the modernization theory is the belief that development requires developed countries to assist developing countries to benefit from the progress on their own. In addition, it was thought that the least developed countries, and can grow faster than developed countries to catch up, and it is possible for development on an equal footing, which will be reached.

Dependency Theory

A Social theory whose base is the assertion that helps the resources to flow away from the "periphery” (the poor, undeveloped, underdeveloped, developing, and dependent countries) in the "core" (the rich, developed countries). This central position of dependency theory that the poor (underdeveloped) countries get poorer and the rich (developed) are getting rich with the fact that integrated into the global economic system (Lamy, 2002, pp.267-280). The dependency theory is a theory of the field of social sciences (sociology, history, economics and political science) who argues that poverty, political instability and underdevelopment of the South is the result of historical processes set up by the Northern countries has resulted in the economic dependence of developing countries (Marsh, 2005, ...