GLOBALISATION AND EDUCATION POLICY

Globalisation and Education Policy: An Investigation into the Role of International Non-Governmental Organisations (INGOs) in Developing Countries



Globalisation and Education Policy: An Investigation into the Role of International Non-Governmental Organisations (INGOs) in Developing Countries

Literature Review

In this part, my aim is to review the relevant literature on my research topic and questions. The purpose of a literature review as highlighted by Wellington et al (2005) is to help a researcher situate their study within the wider body of knowledge and expand a theoretical rational. The literature review helps to identify gaps in knowledge that a researcher may aspire to fill. It broadens the researcher horizon, enables him/her to recognize theories and ideas which are related in the research field.

For my literature review I have had to look at the following areas which are all relevant to my study:

Globalisation and education policy

How does globalisation affect education policy

Education and development

The role of International development organisations (NGOs) in the developing countries.

Globalization and Education Policy

Globalization as a concept has seen as a buzzword in all the world's major languages. It has been defined and explained in various ways because each interpretation relies upon the domain of study in which it is focus. Drawing on the articles in many books and journals, it is really hard to illustrate a unified definition of globalization.

It is important to note that the term globalization is 'widely introduced in the late 1980s/early 1990.' (Stearns 2010:1). To Olssen, Codd and O'Neill (2004), globalization ' is not a new phenomenon but it is becoming more complex and more pervasive with the advent of new technologies and the expansion of global markets.' (p.1). Similarly, Held, et al (1999) pointed that ' globalization reflects a widespread perception that the world is rapidly being molded into a shared social space by economic and technological forces and that developments in one region of the world can have profound consequences for the life chances of individuals or communities on the other side of the globe' (p.1).

In addition, globalization in some of definitions reflected a geographical aspect dealing with borders, Scholte (2000:16) for instance refers to globalization as a process of removing government- imposed restrictions on movements between countries in order to create an "open", "borderless" world economy. In the same vein, Antony Giddens (1990:64) has described globalization as ' the intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa'.

In a general sense, globalization interacts with various disciplines such as economy, sociology, communication and technologies across the world. Nevertheless, a number of researchers and scientists had given definition of globalization from their point of view or from what concern their disciplines. The concept of globalization today is related to the movement of goods, capital and services but emerges in the sixteenth century with the rise of capitalism with the first international trade, the difference is that today are more free ...