GLOBAL JUSTICE

Global Justice



The idea of global justice is a hopeless fantasy

Global justice is a concept in political philosophy that has a concern over the fact that "people do not live in a just world." The differences between humans are massive: many people are tremendously poor, while others are extremely rich. There are several people who live in subjugation under tyrannical regimes and are vulnerable to violence, disease and starvation prematurely. There are three main concerns (the scope of justice, the distributive justice and institutions) to structure the debate on global justice. The main argument in this issue is realism; particularism, nationalism, statism and cosmopolitanism tradition that can be differentiated by their different approaches to questions about the way people understand and respond to these facts. This is the reason why world's population must have cooperation with each other, and, institutions must be based on ethical standards which should be recognized and applied on a worldwide basis. (Abizadeh, 2007, pp. 318-358)

Background

The broad philosophical context of the debate on global justice, both contemporary and historical forms, is the issue of fairness. Many people think they have more urgent duties towards family members, friends and compatriots with strangers and foreigners. The political context of the debate is the long-standing conflict between more or less local institutions: tribes against states, peoples against cities, local communities against empires, nation states against the United Nations. From the Modern Age to the twentieth century, the pre-eminent political institution was the State which is sovereign that claims the monopoly of legitimate violence within its territory and exists in an international system of other sovereign states. In the same period, the interest of political philosophers on justice focused almost exclusively on domestic issues: how to treat their citizens with the States and what should be those with citizens to each other. Justice in the relations between states and between individuals across state borders was put in the background as a secondary or left to the theorists of international relations. (Beitz, 1999, pp.120-145)

Since the First World War, the systems of states have been transformed by globalization and the creation of political and economic institutions such as the League of Nations, the United Nations and the World Bank. In the same period and especially since the 1970s, global justice became a crucial issue in political philosophy. In the current debate on global justice, the general theme of fairness focuses on the moral significance of the boundaries of citizenship. The realistic, particularistic, nationalist members of the tradition of the society of states and cosmopolitan take opposing positions on these issues. However, it is much less clear what global justice means to the people or hope that is there of the people for justice which should lead them in the field of global or international institutions. It was compared with the state of bewilderment, and, lack of development was there for this issue. This is due to reason that domestic political theory is exceptionally well made, with multiple theories that are ...