Giving Incentives to Politicians to Limit Corrupt Practices

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION1

Background of the Study1

Purpose of the Study1

Problem Statement2

Research Questions2

Aims and Objectives of the Study3

Ethical Concerns3

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW4

An Approach to Understanding Corruption4

Abuse of Power4

Conflict of Interest5

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY6

Research Approach6

Research Design6

Sample of Participants7

Data Collection7

Instrument8

Data Analysis8

Validity and Reliability of Quantitative Data9

Projected Time Table9

REFERENCES10

APPENDIX - A12

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Political corruption can be defined as behaviour or conduct of government officials, whether elected or appointed, which goes against social norms and legal terms is to take public office for private gain Legitimate or not, the public purse. Thus, an officer or member who, with his official duties, retire (whether for himself or his family) by providing direct benefits to the family business contracts, contrary to social norms and, more , legal standards(Eigen, 1996, 177). These standards may change (Rubin, 1982, 89). Political corruption exists in various forms. Some behaviour is almost universally regarded as corruption and sentence. Others are frequently regarded as corruption, but policy makers or political opinion may differ as to their ethics.

The study of corruption has increased in breadth and depth over the past years. Governments and other institutions have been engaged in controlling and curbing corruption, and the study of corruption in elections has long been an important topic in political science. Nonetheless the number of studies that focus on the influence of corruption on voting behavior is limited. There have been some experimental approaches regarding voting behavior and corruption allegations in the United Kingdom, as well as some work on how corruption allegations affect national election success. However comparative approaches to these same issues are very limited (Rose, 1996, 157).

Purpose of the Study

The purpose of this study is to identify whether a corruption norm is internalised, such that it affects intrinsic motivations to engage in bribery. The aim of this paper is to understand the prevalence and effectiveness of sanctioning behavior in response to corrupt acts across two cultures that differ greatly in the degree of overall corruption. Specifically, we seek to address whether sanctions vary across cultures in response to two distinct actions undertaken by individuals that culminate in bribery: (1) the offering of a bribe by a firm, and (2) the provision of a favour by a government official.

Problem Statement

Why do identical policy interventions to combat corruption succeed in one setting but fail in others? One explanation has to do with cultural differences. In this paper we look at one aspect of corruption (bribery) and ask whether identical punishment institutions effectiveness is related to culture. One distinguishing feature of high-corruption cultures is the low likelihood that corrupt behavior will be prosecuted. An individual may be willing to offer a bribe in a highly corrupt society because of the lowered likelihood of sanctions due to prevailing corruption.

Research Questions

Following are the research questions for this study

How are allegations of political corruption symbolically constructed?

What labels do the media attach to allegations of corruption and how do the media relate corruption to the public?

What ...