Genetic Fingerprinting In Paternal Testing

Genetic Fingerprinting In Paternal Testing

Genetic Fingerprinting In Paternal Testing

Introduction

The DNA contains all the information necessary for the development of living beings. Individuals of the same species share much of their DNA sequence, but there are some highly variable regions that are specific to each subject. These areas of the genome are called polymorphism or genetic markers, and are used to identify individuals and two unrelated humans are unlikely to have shared the same genetic markers. The set of polymorphism specific to each person is called a genetic profile.

Genetic fingerprinting was first described in 1985 by Jeffreys, who described it as a characteristic pattern and specific to each individual due to polymorphism, the size of non-coding regions of DNA, in particular the so-called restriction fragment (RFLP). This polymorphism and DNA variability is due to the presence of short repeated sequences in "tandem" that modify the size of alleles.

The individual genetic profile makes it possible to distinguish any person, except that it possesses an identical twin brother, as in this case share the same DNA sequence. The genetic profile characteristic of any individual well or better than your fingerprints, so also called genetic fingerprinting. Genetic fingerprinting has the advantage that it is much more precise than other methods of identification. Also, DNA is found in every cell of the human body, which can be obtained from any biological sample. The genetic fingerprint is unique and unchanging throughout life.

Discussion

The DNA covers both the result that the technique for identifying individuals of the same species using only a small sample of their DNA. This technique was discovered by Sir Alec Jeffrey's of Leicester University in 1985. Two humans generally have a large majority of their common DNA sequence. Some of these sequences allow the production of proteins called genes (Peterson and Markham, 2005). It would be far too costly, and time consuming to make, to establish a comparison, examination of the entire chain of DNA in a cell. But there are portions of DNA that do not code for any protein. Some of them are specific to each individual and provide a sample. The determination of a DNA fingerprinting is done primarily on the nuclear DNA.

DNA is used in forensics to identify or exonerate suspects through their blood, their saliva, their hair or semen. They also help identify human remains, to paternity tests, to study wildlife populations or even to generate hypotheses about the human Diaspora in prehistoric times. Genetic fingerprinting is used in forensic medicine, identification of human remains, paternity testing and kinship, compatibility in organ donation ... etc. etc.

The following are some situations where it is useful to conduct this study:

1.Provide a standard (or reference pattern) for comparison and identification of persons in high-risk professions such as military, fire or the forces of public order.

2.Having the genetic profile for identification in case of accidents, fires or disasters.

3.Provide information for future paternity testing and kinship.

4.Adopted children conceived through assisted reproductive techniques using donated ...