Genetic Engineering

Introduction

Genetic Engineering is a set of techniques, methods and technologies to produce recombinant RNA and DNA, isolation of genes of an organism (cells) of manipulating genes and introducing them into other organisms. Genetic engineering is not science in the broadest sense, but is a tool of biotechnology, using the methods of biological sciences, such as molecular and cell biology, cell biology, genetics, microbiology, virology. The basis of microbiological, biosynthetic industry is a bacterial cell. It for the industrial production of cells selected on certain criteria, the most important of which - the ability to produce, synthesize with the maximum possible amount established connection - an amino acid or an antibiotic, a steroid hormone, or an organic acid. Sometimes it is necessary to have agents capable of, for example, be used as "food" oil or waste water and recycle them into biomass, or even well suited to protein feed supplements. Sometimes they need to organisms that grow at elevated temperatures or in the presence of substances, of course deadly to other species of microorganisms, (Jacobsen Schouten 45).

The problem of obtaining such industrial strains is very important for their differentiation and selection developed numerous methods of active influence on the cell - from the processing of highly potent poisons to radiation. The purpose of these techniques are one - to make changes in the hereditary, the genetic apparatus of cells. Their result is obtaining numerous microbial mutants of hundreds and thousands of scientists who try to select the most suitable for a particular purpose. Creating methods of chemical or radiation mutagenesis was outstanding achievements in biology and is widely used in modern biotechnology. Their opportunities are limited nature of certain microorganisms. They are not able to synthesize a number of valuable substances that accumulate in plants, primarily in medical and essential oil. They cannot synthesize substances that are very important for the life of animals and humans, a number of enzymes, peptide hormones, immune proteins, interferon, and many more simply constructed compounds these are synthesized in animals and humans. ((Ernesto, Subhayu, David & Ron , 2006, 45)

Yet, the limited "natural material" is obvious. Attempted to circumvent the restrictions and try using cell cultures and tissues of plants and animals. That is very important and promising way, which is also implemented in biotechnology. Over the past few decades, scientists have created a method by which individual cells of tissues of a plant or animal can be made to grow and multiply separated from the body, like bacteria cells. This was an important achievement - derived cell cultures used for experimentation and for commercial production of certain substances these are using the bacterial cultures could not be obtained. Here are some points of view, some in favor, and others against the manufacturing of babies. (David, 2006, 413)

Arguments in favor of designer babies

Some couples cannot have children because they would be born with a genetic disease and die before birth or from a very young age. The techniques to work to change the ...