Future of Genetic Engineering in Humans and Medicine

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Acknowledgement

I would like to take this chance for thanking my research facilitator, friends and family for support they provided and their belief in me as well as guidance they provided without which I would have never been able to do this research.

Declaration

I, (Your name), would like to declare that all contents included in this dissertation stand for my individual work without any aid, and this dissertation has not been submitted for any examination at academic as well as professional level previously. It is also representing my very own views and not essentially which are associated with university.

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Table of Contents

Acknowledgementii

Declarationiii

Introduction1

Background1

Research Questions2

Aims And Objectives2

Literature Review3

Emergence Of Genetic Engineering3

Human Genetic Engineering3

Recent Achievements Of Genetic Engineering4

Methodology6

Research Design6

Literature Search6

Data Analysis Method7

Discussion And Analysis8

Future Of Genetic Engineering8

Future Of Genetic Engineering As Per Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacogenetics9

Issues And Public Debate For Genetic Engineering10

Conclusion12

References13

Future of Genetic Engineering in Humans and Medicine

Introduction

Background

Genetic engineering is a modernized technology that alters the genetic composition of living organisms and medicines (Wilson, 2002). This change occurs due to the alteration in RNA and DNA of genes of an organism. The resulting genetically engineered products may take contrasting forms such as; medicines and vaccines, variety of foods and related ingredients, and fibers. Genetic engineering is used to obtain the desired qualities of a variable organism (Beauchamp and Childress, 2001). This type of engineering cannot be considered science from a broader perspective, but it is a tool for biotechnology that uses the study of biology, molecular biology, cell biology, genetics and microbiology.

The most striking event that attracted most people's attention and is very important in its consequences, was a series of discoveries that resulted in the creation of management heredity of living organisms and control by penetrating the field of the living cell (Ebersole and Westrup, 2000). The present level of knowledge of biochemistry, molecular biology and genetics can count on the successful development of genetic engineering, that is, a set of methods that allows any of the operations in transferring genetic information from one organism to another.

Gene transfer makes it possible to overcome the species barrier, and send individual hereditary characteristics of one organism to others. The most common method of genetic engineering is the method of producing recombinant, i.e. containing foreign gene plasmids. Plasmids are circular double-stranded DNA molecule consisting of several pairs. Although the share of plasmids is a small part of the cellular DNA, they are vital bacteria for genes (Collins and Williamson, 2003). Different plasmids contain different resistance genes to antibiotics. Most of the antibiotics are used as drugs for the treatment of diseases of humans and domestic animals (Beauchamp and Childress, 2001).

Research Questions

Following are the research questions for this study:

RQ1: What is the future of genetic engineering in Humans and Medicine?

RQ2: What is the role of pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics in the future development of genetic engineering?

Aims and Objectives

Following are the aims and objectives for this study:

To ...