Functional Neuro-brain imaging in Schizophrenia

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to take this chance for thanking my research facilitator, friends & family for support they provided & their belief in me as well as guidance they provided without which I would have never been able to do this research.

DECLARATION

I, (Your name), would like to declare that all contents included in this thesis/dissertation stand for my individual work without any aid, & this thesis/dissertation has not been submitted for any examination at academic as well as professional level previously. It is also representing my very own views & not essentially which are associated with university.

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Abstract

Magnetic resonance imaging has been widely application in the field of schizophrenia to investigate neuro anatomical and functional bases. Studies structural measures have evolved from semi-automatic tomatoes isolated structures to sophisticated technical automatic analysis techniques, called voxel-based morphometry. Currently, there are findings con- confluent feel the existence of various errors and structural lees essentially involve the thalamus, hippocampus, the anterior cingulated region and also re- temporal and parietal cortical regions. The effect is- has a predominantly left-sided structural. Techniques Functional magnetic resonance imaging's (MRI) have led to significant progress on the anomalies of brain activation Cabral. In general, there are several regions hypo function- neuropsychological tasks they face a deficit. By conversely, for equal performance of schizophrenic patient's pyretic respect to the control patterns are hyperactivity that can be interpreted as an envelope countervailing forces. Diffusion techniques magnetic resonance imaging has identified anomalies white matter indicative of changes in the connectivity in Give the brain. In summary, MRI is a noninvasive technique on ease of use has facilitated the investigation of the psychobiological bases of schizophrenia and has opened a huge potential in addressing neuro- disorder is the most important scientist in the field of psychiatry.

Table of contents

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTII

DECLARATIONIII

ABSTRACTIV

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION1

Background1

Problem statement2

Rationale2

Aims and objectives2

Research Question2

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW4

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY10

Research Design10

Literature Search10

CHAPTER 4: DISCUSSION11

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION14

REFERENCES16

APPENDICES18

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

Background

Schizophrenia involves a number of manifestations psychopathological heterogeneous and poorly bounded presented in a certain do time course. According to the DSM-IV, the ca- characteristics of schizophrenia are a mixture peculiar signs and symptoms. Symptoms are usually classified into two broad categories: the positive and negative. The symptoms more positive (delusions, hallucinations language and / or disorganized behavior) seem to reflect an excess or distortion of normal functions, while negative appear reflect a decrease or loss.

Antipsychotic drugs

Antipsychotic drugs used to treat psychoses any cause. So they applied to the psychoses that are seen in schizophrenia, but also in manic patients who are psychotic, or a psychotic depression. Moreover, antipsychotics are often used in people who are confused or in very low doses, with restless, elderly patients. Although antipsychotics are therefore suitable for all kinds of psychoses combat, they are not for all diseases where prevention is the best treatment psychoses. Thus, psychotic manic patients are better treated with lithium and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is more effective for depressed patients who are psychotic. The main applied than antipsychotics in treating ...