FORENSIC SCIENCES

Forensics

Forensics

Individual and Class Characteristics

It should be understood that every physical object possesses both individual and class characteristics. Individual Characteristics are those apparent and physical features, which are unique in every individual item that used as evidence, such as:

-Pattern of finger print

-Wear-marks and cuts pattern on a utilized athletic shoe pair.

-The resultant DNA specification or code of a semen or blood sample.

-The marks of striation on a bullet (fired).

-The extractor, ejector, breech pattern and firing pin marks onto a cartridge (fired).

On the other hand, the Class characteristics are physical features or traits which are shared by a collection or group of items; such as:

-Heroin Molecule's chemical Structure.

-The new running shoes tread pattern

-A group of numerous hammers

-Blood Sample specie Source

-Blood Sample's ABO type (i.e. AB -ve)

-The dimensions and weight of an unused cartridge

-The model and make of a firearm (Kiely, 2006).

Tool Mark Evidence Collection

Tool mark and firearm are kinds of evidence that involve known comparisons of standard versus the unknown. The manner, in which the examinations are conducted in the laboratory, is very similar often. The crime scene specialist must not only be aware of the wide array of both kinds of evidence, but he should also be familiar with the proper methods of collecting it for subsequent comparison, and for practical purposes. Tool marks are properly documented before deleting or casting. Notes, sketches, photographs necessarily reflect the exact position of all tool marks to a fixed reference point, and should reflect the height from the ground or the floor (Townsend, 2008).

The Tool mark evidence should be packaged so as not to expose the loss or damage of evidence tracking. Flakes gore paint adhesion, or other materials that may be the traces of this lost during transport of the tools. Maybe it will also be damaged under microscopic changes. Instrument should ...