Force field analysis IP was developed by psychologist Kurt Lewin, a pioneer in the field of social psychology. Lewin's intent was to create a tool that would allow a group to diagnose a situation by examining all the forces for and against a plan to decide whether or not the plan is worth implementing in organizations. Forces that push a decision in a direction are called driving forces, while restraining forces are defined as those that hinder the decision-making process, such as apathy and hostility (Elaine, 1983).