Exploring the flexibility (EWTD) in relation to junior doctors and ANP (Advanced Nursing Practice) roles

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would first like to express my gratitude for my research supervisor, colleagues, and peers and family whose immense and constant support has been a source of continuous guidance and inspiration.

DECLARATION

I [type your full first names & surname here], declare that the following dissertation/thesis and its entire content has been an individual, unaided effort and has not been submitted or published before. Furthermore, it reflects my opinion and take on the topic and is does not represent the opinion of the University.

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ABSTRACT



An important development in contemporary political economy is the rise and spread of European Working-time Directive. Some expect the European Working Time Directive to ease combining work with family, or to increase satisfaction and productivity for many workers and professionals in nursing. Whether one welcomes or laments flexible employment, its rise is important and worthy of explanation. Important to understanding where Working Time practices come from is understanding whether economic European Work Time Directive, as opposed to many domestic political and economic conditions, is a significant source of such working-time practices. On this score, existing scholarship remains divided. The dominant view among organisational sociologists and industrial relations specialists is that the European Working Time Directive is shaped, keeping in view the domestic political, economic, institutional and organisational conditions and processes of interaction - where exposure to trade, immigration, or other features of economic European Work Time Directive are either ignored or don't matter.

The first chapter provides introduction to the topic including the problem statement, aims and objectives. The second chapter covers the literature review, while the methodology is presented in the third chapter. The findings are included in the fourth chapter. The discussion is presented in the fifth chapter, while the sixth chapter concludes the dissertation, while providing summary, implications, and recommendations for future research.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTii

DECLARATIONiii

ABSTRACTiv

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION1

Background of the Study1

Statement of the Problem1

Purpose of the Study2

Rationale3

Aim of the Study3

Objectives of the Study3

Research Questions4

Significance of the Study4

Assumptions and Limitations4

Nature of the Study5

Organisation of the Remainder of the Study5

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW6

Theoretical Foundation of the Study6

Types of Flexible Work Arrangements9

Companies that have Successful Alternative Work Arrangement Programmes12

Advantages and Disadvantages of Flexible Work Arrangements13

Flexible Work Arrangements and Work-Life Balance14

Flexible Work Arrangements and Job Satisfaction15

Future Trends in Flexible Work Arrangement Programmes16

Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory17

Evidence from Establishment Surveys in Europe22

Controls25

Advanced Nurse Practice Roles27

Nursing role - advanced roles within UK framework28

The European Working Time Directive (EWTD)29

Government Papers31

Doctors v nurses: Blurring the boundaries32

Education consideration34

Hospital at Night (HaN) under EWTD35

Additional Considerations38

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY39

Mixed Research39

Research Design39

Literature Search40

Hypotheses Development40

Instrument for data collection41

Reliability/Dependability41

CHAPTER 4: THEMETIC CHAPTER43

Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria43

Emerging Themes44

Summary of Themes44

Conclusion48

CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS50

CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION57

Summary57

Recommendations62

Implications for Future Research66

REFERENCES67

APPENDIX 173

APPENDIX 279

APPENDIX 388

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Before the 1990s, employees were housed in office buildings and involved in mostly face-to-face communication. Equipment used in these traditional settings included typewriters, telephones, copy machines, and early computers. Regular mail and overnight package delivery (early 1980s) were used to transmit correspondence and ...