Experiences of Black and minority Ethnic women with perinatal and postnatal depression

by

Acknowledgement

I would take this opportunity to thank my research supervisor, family and friends for their support and guidance without which this research would not have been possible.

DECLARATION

I, [type your full first names and surname here], declare that the contents of this dissertation/thesis represent my own unaided work, and that the dissertation/thesis has not previously been submitted for academic examination towards any qualification. Furthermore, it represents my own opinions and not necessarily those of the University.

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Abstract

To survey the aspects that might account for low level of consultation for perinatal depression among Black Caribbean women and their deficiency from perinatal research in the UK.

Thematic analysis of women's narratives recommended that, in spite of attendance at antenatal classes, Black Caribbean women knowledgeable complexity conceptualizing perinatal depression and expressed reservations about the environment and treat ability of the condition. Personal and social imperatives to reduce distress, disinclination to discuss problems, and stoicism in the face of adversity were barriers to help-seeking.

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION2

METHODOLOGY5

CRITICAL EVALUATION OF THE RESEARCH EVIDENCE7

INTRODUCTION TO THE RESEARCH7

PRESENTATION OF THE EVIDENCE/FINDINGS8

ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF EVIDENCE8

ETHICAL ISSUES IN THE RESEARCH STUDIES10

RESEARCH METHODS USED IN THE RESEARCH STUDIES11

MATERIALS11

PROCEDURE11

DATA ANALYSIS12

FINDINGS12

IMPLICATIONS FOR SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE13

•WOMEN RESISTANCE ENGAGES.14

•CULTURAL SENSITIVITY AND LANGUAGE15

•PSYCHOSOCIAL RISK17

•HOW TO ENGAGE THEM IN SERVICES AND PROFESSIONALS18

•ASSESSING PROCESS19

•INTERVENTION APPROACH SHOULD BE ETHICAL20

DISCUSSION21

SUMMARY REFLECTION OF LEARNING29

REFERENCES31

Experiences of Black and minority Ethnic women with perinatal and postnatal depression

Introduction

Depression among women is a crucial public health topic, which is said to be the premier origin of disease-related disability worldwide (WHO, 2000; Ustun et al., 2004). Notwithstanding contentions about if depression throughout pregnancy and the early postnatal time span warrant separate diagnostic classes, and if or not occurrence rates disagree from depression at other times in women's inhabits (Nicolson, 1998; Stoppard, 2000), assemble of 'perinatal depression' has profited expanding clinical and learned currency. The adoption of 'perinatal depression' into the clinical and learned lexicon is partially an acknowledgement that 'antenatal depression' may be a distinct status (Bhatia and Bhatia, 1999; Evans et al., 2001) and that 'postnatal depression' might well begin throughout pregnancy (Green and Murray, 1994; Hobfall et al., 1995; Green, 1998).

Estimates of the rates of perinatal depression alter from 5% to 25% (Gavin et al., 2005). However, Gorman et al. (2004) resolved from their meta-analysis of the international publications that postnatal depression sways round 15% of childbearing women worldwide. Estimates of depression throughout pregnancy are inclined to be higher at round 20% (Green and Murray, 1994; Evans et al., 2001; Bennett et al., 2004). However, these aggregated numbers might mask important nationwide and ethnic variations since, as Gaynes et al. (2005, p. 5) commented in their methodical reconsider of the publications, the nonattendance of data on populations other than the white community was dramatic.

Where research has been attempted in non-Western nations, outcome propose that there may be significant but under-researched associations between ethnicity and onset of perinatal depression, and that being poor and Black considerably rises the prospect of evolving perinatal ...