EVOLUTION OF HORNED BEETLES

The Evolution of Horned Beetles

[Name of College]

Evolution of Horned Beetles

Introduction

The topic of evolution of species has gathered much attention in recent past, because scientists have found evidence of relationship between the species that no longer exist in present world with species that exist in this world. (Bergson, 1998) The history traced the open debate on evolution of species from the book “Origin of Species” by Charles Darwin, though many ideas in that book failed to provide strong evidence and argument of what Darwin claims but the world is now witnessing so many species which have been evolved from one form to another for their survival. In this study, the evolution and its different concepts and types would be discussed in relation to the evolution of horns in beetles.

Process of Evolution of Horn in Beetles

The evolution of horn in beetles like the traditional process of holometabolous insects, consist of two main process of development: one is prepupal and other is pupal phase of growth. Prepupal phase of growth is comparatively late in developing larval. This phase occur in the end of development of larval, detaches, or all larval epidermis apolyses from the larval cuticle and chose regions change more or less vivid cell development to produce the pupal generator of adult structures. (Ballerio, 1999)

The adult horns precursors originate while this prepupal phase of growth, just like in most of the insects the adult precursors of antennae, wings, mouthparts or legs. In addition to that recent studies on genetics have revealed that the phase of prepupal growth is regulated by various factors of the similar patterning genes and procedures are the main factors that aid in the creation of more conventional appendages. By the end of prepual phase of growth a species molts in pupa and this phase of growth allow any species to grew and make externally visible the structure that has been developed in the prepupal phase (Arrow, 1991). As the adult appendage completes its growth in the prepupal phase, the pupae of beetles like all the holometabolus insects are equipped already with a complement appendages like adult. Than the pupal phase of growth starts the second phase of development of horn in beetles, which in simple words can be said as finishing the completed products. The pupal epidermis apolyses during the pupal phase again, but despite of the speedy growth marking earlier stages, apolysis is followed by broader sculpting of the pupal cuticle into the final mature shape. (Ballerio, 1999)

Objectives of the Study

As the process of the evolution is already defined above, the main objective of the study is to provide a detailed discussion on the concept of evolutions and its types in relation to the development of horns in beetles. (Birx, 2006b)

Evolution and the concept of Evolution

Set of processes characterized by biological and organic changes of organisms by which descendants come to differ in their antecedents. Therefore Evolution is something that evolves or develops from an orderly and gradual change from one stage to ...